¢ C.Thuamluaia
Hman lai mite chuan kan chenna khawvel hi a phek duai niin an ring thin. Grik mifing hmasa Ptolemi-a te hun lai khan lei hi a mum a ni ang tih chu an lo ring tan tawh. Mahse Ptolemi-a ngei pawhin lei hi universe lai takah a awm a, ni leh thla leh arsite hian anmahni kawng bik theuhvah an kal hual mup mup mai niin a zirtir thin. He zirtirna hi Joshua ni tih din leh lal Hezekia huna ni hlim kir leh te nen pawh sawi tlan a rem avangin Kohhran hmasate pawh khan an pawm thlap a. Copernicus-a te, Galileo-a te hovin he ngaihdan an rawn phehthlak hun lai te phei kha chuan Kohhran hruaitute chuan leiin ni a hel tih chu Pathian thu kalh tlat, zirtirna hlauhawm niah an puh a, Pathian sawi chhiatna ang hiala an ngaih avangin an dodal nasa ngiang a. Giardano Bruno-a phei chuan, lei leh planet dang ten ni an kal hual a ni, tih thu ringawt kha hal hlumah hlawhin a lo martar pui ta thak a ni.
Galileo-a entlang (telescope), van sanga planet leh arsi dangte chanchin zirna atana a siamchhuah pawh chu Kohhran hruaitute chuan Kohhran mite en ve khapin, a chhungah ramhuai a awm, en ve suh u, tiin sawi bawrhban sak nasa teh mah sela an khap bet tak tak thei bik chuang lo. Harsatna leh dodalna nasa tak karah mi hrat khawkheng tak tak ten ni leh thla leh arsite chet vel dan chu an zir zel a, an hriat belh zelna azarah tunlai khawvelah phei chuan chhun leh zan leh sik leh sa lo inthlak danglam zel dan te chu chiang takin kan lo hre thei ta a ni.
Tun tuma kan thupui phei hi chu tunlai khawvelah chuan science lam aiin Geography huang a mi a ni zawk mah. Chuvangin, keini pawhin, zirlaiten Geography subject-a rotation & revolution of the earth an lo zir tawh thin atangin kan thupui hi kan sawi tan phawt ang.
Chhun leh zan inher chhuah dan hi i lo thlir hmasa teh ang. Kan hriat theuh angin kan awmna lei hi thlang lam atanga chhak lam zawngin kaihbu angin a axis-ah a vir a. Axis chu lei lai tak hawlh tlangtu ngaihruat rin ngil a ni. A axis-a lei a virkual vel hi Diurnal motion emaw, Rotation emaw an ti. Hetia a vir reng avang hian englai pawhin lei pang khing zatvein ni eng a hmu a, an tan chhun a ni a, lei pangkhing zatve in eng an hmuh ve loh avangin a lo thim ta thung a, an tan zan a lo ni ve thung. Chutiang chuan, nikhatah darkar 24 chhungah hian khawvel ram hrang hrang ten chhun leh zan kan lo inneih chhawk ta zut mai a nih chu.
Kan lei axis hi awn lovin a ngil a awm chu ni se la, phel 2 intia chiah a kan lei sah phel phawk theihna lai tak, equator an tih 0 degree chung zawn chiahah chauh ngil takin niin a chhun reng ang. Khawvel hmun tinah chhun leh zan hi englai pawhin a inchen reng bawk ang. Sik leh sa inthlak pawh a awm dawn lo tihna a nih chu. Amaherawhchu, kan lei axis hi a orbit-ah 66 1/2 degree-a a awn avangin ngaihruat rin pahnih, chhim lama tropic of capricorn an tih, 231/2 degree leh hmar lama tropic of cancer an tih, 23/2 degree N te inkarah ni hi a thenkual vel reng angin a lang ta a. Kum khat chhungin heng ngaihruat rin 2-te inkar ramahte hian ngil takin tum 2 a chhun ziah thin a nih chu.
Hetianga hunpui hrang hranga ni awmna insawn thina a lanna chhan leh chhun leh zan rei zawng danglam vel anga a lanna chhan chu, kan leiin englai pawha a kalkawng bik orbit an tiha ni a kal hual vel reng vang leh, chutia a kalhualna kawnga hmun hrang hrang (position hrang hrangah chuan) lei axis chu a awn dan ngai renga a awn bawk si avangin, ni eng lam chhawntu lei pangkhing zatve kha a inthlak hret hret zel vang a ni. Hetia ni vela kan lei a thlawk kual reng hi annual movement emaw, revolution emaw an ti a, ni 365 aia rei hretah ni hi vawi khat vel chhuakin kum khat a ni, kan lo ti ta thin a ni.
Chutiang chuan kum tin December 22-ah khawvel chhim lam vela ngaihruat rin tropic of capricorn an tih chung zawn chiahah ngil takin niin a chhun a. Chumi hnuah chuan, February thla angah te hian ni chu hmar lamah lo tawlh phei hret hretin March 21-ah hian equator chung chiahah a chhun ang. Lo tawlh phei zelin June 21-ah chuan kan ram, Mizoram tan tlangtu ngihruat rin, tropic of cancer chung zawn chiah a lo thleng ang a, chu chu hmar lama a thlen hlat tawp a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan chhimlam pana tawlh phei hret hretin September 22-ah chuan Equator chung zawn chiah a thleng phei leh ang a, December 22-ah chuan chhim lama a thlen tawp tropic of capricorn chung zawn a thleng phei leh dawn a ni.
Niin Equator chung zawn chiah a thlen lai, March 21 leh September 22 ahte hian khawvel ram tinin chhun leh zan rei zawng inchen chiah kan nei vek a, chu chu equinox an ti. Heng hun hi equator leh a chhehvel ramte lum vanglai ber a nih rualin equator chhim leh hmar lama awm ramte tan chuan hunpui nuam ber a ni thung. December 22-a niin tropic of capricorn chung zawn a thlen phei lai hian equator chhim lama awmho tan chuan ni rei lai leh zan tawi lai a ni a, nipui vanglai a ni. Chutih rualin December 22 hi equator hmar lama ramte tan chuan ni tawi ber ni leh zan rei ber tum a lo ni ve thung a, thlasik vanglai a ni. Chutiang bawkin June 21-ah chuan tropic of cancer chung zawn chiahah niin a chhun avangin equator hmar lam ramte tan chuan ni rei ber leh zan tawi ber ni a ni a, nipui vanglai a ni. Equator chhim lam ramte tan erawh ni tawi ber leh zan rei ber ni a ni thung a, a vawt mai mai viau bawk ang. Heng kum khat chhunga ni rei ber leh tawi ni berte hi sostice an vuah.
Hetianga niin chhim leh hmarah 231/2 degree ngaihruat rinte chung zawn aia hla ngil taka a thlen loh avang hian khawvel chhim tawp leh hmar tawp ramahte chuan darkar 24 chhunga chhun leh zan kan neih ang hi neih ve theih a ni lo. Equator chhim lam ram, tropic of capricorn lama ni a herbo thla 6 chhung, Sepember 22 leh March 21 inkarah hian khawvel hmar tawp ram chuan ni an hmu ve ngai ta lo vang vang a, thla 6 chhung tawp zan a nih tak chu. Chu thla 6 chung chu chhim tawp tan chuan chhun a lo ni ve thung a. Chutiang chhiahin khawvela hmar lam leh tropic of cancer zawn vela ni a awm lai thla 6 dang, March 21 atanga September 22 inkar hun chung zawng hian hmar tawp lam a eng ve leh ta reng thung a, chhim tawp lam chuan zan khat rei tak, thla 6 zet awh chu an lo hmang ve leh thung a ni.
Chutiang chuan, chhun leh zan siamtu chu a axis-a lei vir, rotation an tih chu a ni a, zan rei zawng leh chhun rei zawng inthlak danglam rengna chhan erawh chu lei axis a awn vang leh ni a helna kawng, a orbit-ah position hrang hrang atanga ni a ep dan a danglam thin vang a lo nih chu. Leiin ni a kal hual reng leh a awn dan ngai renga a axis-a a awn reng avang vek hian kum khat chhunga sik leh sa, hunpui hrang hrang, chhun leh zan te kan lo neih tak ni.
Kan sawi tak ang khan kum tin March 2 atanga September 22 inkar chhung zawng chu niin khawvel hmar lam zawn ngil takin a chhun a, June 21-ah phei chuan kan ram, Mizoram pawh tan tlangtu tropic of cancer zawnah chiah ngil atin niin a chhun a. Hetia ngil ata min chhun hian ni eng lumna hmuh theih ang, a tam thei ang ber kan dawng a ni. Zan a tawiin chhun a rei bawk si. Zanah hian lei hian radiation vangin a lumna pawmsa tam tak chung lamah a hloh let thin a. Zan a tawi miau chuan a lumna pai a hloh tam hman lo a nih chu. Chuvangin khua a lo lum ta em em thin a, a hmingah pawh nipui kan vuah hial reng a ni. Hetih lai hian equator chhim lam ramte chu niin a chhun tleu ve thung a. Ni lumna tam tak kha boruak a tawn tlangna kawng thui takah kha a riral hman phawt a. Tin, chhun aia zan a rei bawk avangin zan lamah lumna tam tak radiation vangin boruak chung lamah a invawrh chhuak bo teuh lehnghal vei nen, chhim lam ramte chu a lo vawt telh telh a, an tan thlasik a lo ni ta thung a ni. Chutiang chiah chuan September 22 leh March 21 inkarah hian equator chhim lam tan nipui a nih laiin equator hmar lam ramte tan chuan thlasik a lo ni ve leh thin a ni.
Awle, tunah chuan chhun leh zan awm theihna chhan pawimawh tak, kan lei a axis-a a vir vel chanchin hi i han chhui zau deuh teh ang. Eng chen nge kan lei hi a axis-ah a la vir zui zel ang? Kum 1700 lam daihah tawh khan Hallei's comet hmuchhuaktu Edmond Hallei-a chuan kan lei vir vel hi a muang hret hret a ni tih a lo hmuchhuak tawh a. Mahse, a muan hret hretna speed hi a tlem tham em avangin keini tan han thlabar ngawtna tur chu a ni lem lo ve. Kum 100 chhungin kum khat vel hi millisecond 2 velin a rei belh zel ang a ni. Kum maktaduai bia chhiar chuan hei hian awmzia a nei pha hle tho mai. Kum maktaduai 400 vel liam tawhah kha chuan ni khat rei zawng hi darkar 22 vel ni turah an chhut a, kum khatah ni 400 vel zet a awm thei tihna a nih chu. Tun atanga kum maktaduai 400 vel lo awm leh turah hi chuan kum 4000/5000 vel hnuah phei chuan a axis-a a vir hi a tawp tawh ang an ti a ni. Thla te ngei pawh khian axis-a a vir thin chu a tawpsan daih tawh. A pang khing khat, a ngai lam ngar ngar khi englai pawhin niin a em a, a pang lehlam erawh chuan englai mahin ni a hmu ngai lo. Chutiang bawk chuan, engtik hunah emaw chuan kan awmna leiah pawh hian chhun leh zan a inthlak ngai tawh lo ang a, a pang khing khat chhun a nih reng laiin a khing lehlam chu zan a ni reng mai dawn a ni. A pawi lo, hetih hun thleng thleng hi chuan tunlai chhuante hi kan dam tawh hmel chuang lo ve.
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