Lalthlamuana Ralte
'Budget' tih hi sap tawng hlui, Middle English-a (AD 1150-1500 lai vela an hman) 'Bouget' tih atanga lak a ni a, chu chu 'pawisa ip' (wallet) tihna a ni. A bul lehzualah chuan 'Bouget' tih pawh chu French tawnga savun ip tihna 'Bougette' tih atanga English-hoin an lakchhawn a ni. Kum 1733 khan British First Lord of Treasury (Finance Minister) Sir Robert Walpole-a'n kum khat chhung atana sorkar sum kalhmang tur ruahmanna lehkha, savun ip-ah (leather bag) a khai thin a, chuta tang chuan 'Budget' tih thumal hi sorkar sum ruahmanna sawina atana hman zui a lo ni ta a ni.
Budget chu eng nge?
Budget kan tih fo hi India Constitution-ah chuan Annual Financial Statement tia ziah a ni a. Mawlmang tea sawifiah dawn chuan kum tina sorkar sum (mipui sum) chet vel dan tur ruahman lawkna bu hi budget chu a ni.
Kum tin sorkar laipuia finance minister-in Parliament-ah a pharh thin a, a tlangpuiin February thla ni hnuhnung berah pharh thin a ni a, mahse, kuminah chuan Parliament inthlanpui a awm dawn avangin February ni 16 khan interim budget (vote on account) pharh a ni thung. India Danpui Article 202(1)-in a sawi angin state tinte pawhin an rorel khawl hmaah pawisa kum khat (financial year) chhunga sorkar sum hmuh leh hman ral tur ruahmanna an pharh thin bawk. Heng hi 'Budget Document' kan tih chu a ni.
Budget-ah chuan pawisa kumthara sum lakluh leh hmanral tur ruahmanna bakah kum kal lai leh a hma kuma sorkar sum dinhmun tarlan tel a ni bawk thin. A tawi zawngin sawi ila, budget-ah chuan sorkar sum ruahmanna tarlan a ni a, chung sum chu mipui ta a ni a, mipui tana hman tur a ni a, sorkar hi a ruahmantu, a enkawltu leh a hmangtu mai a ni. Chuvangin, budget pawisa hi mipui sum (public money) a ni a, sorkar hi chu a ruahmantu leh a hmangtu mai a ni.
Budget chu enge a pawimawhna?
Budget hian mitin a nghawng vek. Kum khat chhunga sorkar sum ruahmanna a nih avangin nang pawh eng zawng emaw chuan a nghawng tel ngei ngei che a ni. Ram hmasawnna kan tih fo te leh chumi behbawm (thalaite hamthatna, infiamna lama hmasawnna, lo neih lama hmasawnna, etc.) thlen theitu a nih avang leh sorkar hmalakna tur tarlanna a nih avangin ram mipui tan a pawimawh hle a ni.
Budget hi political party tana siam a ni lo a, sorkar tana siam a ni lo a, mipui tan liau liauva siam a ni tih hi hrechiang ila chuan kan ngaihven lehzual awm e. Sorkar laipui budget pharh hi vaiho chuan an ngaihven thin hle a, chutiangin bawkin an state budget pawh an ngaihven viau bawk. A chhan langsar tak mai pakhat chu budget-ah hian chhiah lak thar tur te, chhiah lak sa tihdanglam tur te, mipui hamthatna tura sum ruahman te, eizawnna peng hrang hrang atana pawisa ruahman te puanchhuah a nih thin vang a ni. Mizo mipui pawh hian tun aia nasa zawk hian budget hi ngaihven ila, zir peih ila chuan sorkar pawh a fimkhur leh zual ang a, kan hlawkpui ngei ang.
Budget hi ram hmasawnna atana sum ruahmanna a nih avangin sorkar tha leh tha lo tehna pawimawh ber pakhat a ni. Sorkarin mipui a hmangaih tak tak em? Lo neitute hamthatna tur a ngaihtuah tak tak em? Ram hmasawnna hna thawh a tum tak tak em? Mi retheite dinhmun chawikan a tum tak tak em? Thalaite a ngaihsak em? Infiamna lam a ngai pawimawh em? Heng zawng zawng leh thil dang tam tak budget atang hian a chhut theih a ni.
Budget hi kalphung fel tak neia pawisa hman tur ruahmanna a ni a, chu ruahmanna chu kan aiawha rorel tura kan thlan MLA-te'n chipchiar takin an zirin an sawiho tur a ni. Chumi hnuah an pawmpui (pass) ang a, tichuan budget pawisa chu hman an ruahman ang ngei chuan an hmang tur a ni.
Budget sum chetvel dan tur ruahmanna (budgetary policy) in a ngaihpawimawh tura mithiamte sawi chu : sum leh ei-bar (economy) chak zawka tihhmasawn a tul a, chutih rual chuan hmasawnna nghet leh tlo neih ngaih pawimawh ber tur a ni a; sum hmuh leh lakluhte mitin huapzo leh rualkhai taka sem darh a pawimawh a; mimal sumdawnna/thilsiamna leh sorkar hmalakna (public & private sectors) tihhmasawn hi a tum lian tak a ni; sorkar sum hnar ngaihpawimawh a, tihpun zel bakah private sector-te sum mamawh ngaihsak tur a ni bawk a; hmun danga pawisa luang chhuak tur ven a, sum khawl (savings) tihpun a tul bawk.
Budget-ah chuan eng nge awm?
Budget-a sum ruahman dan ziakna (account) hi hlawm hnihah then a ni a, pakhat zawk chu sum bawmpui 'Consolidated Fund of the State' a ni a, a dang chu Public Account a ni thung. Sorkar sum hmuh leh hman zawng zawng hi hemi pahnihah hian tarlan a ni. Heng bakah hian chhiat tawh leh rikrum thila hman tur pawisa bawm dang a awm leh a, chu chu Contingency Fund an tih thung.
Sum neih tur zawng zawng 'Consolidated Fund' hi Revenue Account leh Capital Account-ah then a ni a. Heng account pahnihte pawh hian peng hnih an nei ve ve a, chungte chu - sum hmuhna (receipts) leh sum hmanna (expenditure disbursement) te an ni.
Revenue account-ah hian sorkar sum hmuh tur zawng zawng, chhiah leh thil dang atanga hmuh tur te (tax & non-tax revenues) bakah tanpuina (grants-in-aid & contribution) ziah a ni a, heng sum hmanralna te hi tarlan a ni bawk. He account a sum hmuh leh hmante hi puk emaw rulh emaw ngai lo chi a ni hlawm.
Revenue account-a sum hmante hi rotling thil siamchhuahna lam hawi a ni lem lo tlangpui a, a langsar zualte chu - sorkar hnathawk hlawh te, subsidy te, office inrelbawlna leh lirthei/hmanrua enkawlna te, leiba rulhna te, hmalakna tenau kal mek senso te a ni.
Capital account-ah hian sorkar laipui leh hmun dang atanga pawisa puk leh hman bat tura ruahman tarlan a ni a, chu chu 'capital receipts' an ti, sum hmanpuk dahkhawmna a ni. Chung sum hmanralna chu 'capital expenditure' emaw 'capital disbursement' emaw an ti thin. Capital expenditure-ah hian rotling thei tur chi siamna te, loan puktir leh loan ba rulhna te a tel.
Consolidated fund-a sum hman turte hi rorel khawl hmaah pharh a ni thin a, 'Charged expenditure' tih loh chu Demand for Grants anga dah niin member-te pawmpui loh chuan hman theih a ni lo. Charged expenditure hi chu sawiho theih tho ni mah se member-te pawmpuina lak kher a ngai lo thung.
Public Account hi a hrang leh deuh a, hetah hian sorkar hnathawk pawisa khawl (state provident fund) leh reserved fund te a tel. A nihna takah chuan heta pawisa awm (provident fund ang chi) hi sorkar ta a ni chiah lo a, mipui hnena la pek tur sum bawma a lo kawlsak a ni mah zawk. Hei vang hian public account a pawisa hmanna atan hian member-te phalna lak a ngai lo.
Plan sum leh Non-plan sum hi chu kan hre lar fu tawh a, kan hriat angin sorkar hma thar lakna tura sum dah hi plan sum chu a ni mai a. Thil thar tihna tur liau liau a ni. Chutihlaiin, sorkar hna kal lai leh sorkar mamawh sa, heng - hnathawkte hlawh te, office inenkawlna leh pawipang leina te, motor leh hmanrua/bungrua enkawlna leh a dang te atana sum ruahman hi non-plan fund chu a ni.
Heti zawng hian sawi ta ila, plan expenditure hian hmasawnna a kawk a, non-plan expenditure hi chuan hmasawnna a hawi lem lo. Plan sum leh non-plan sum a inthlauh viau chuan budget tha tak a ni duh lo viau a, chutih rualin plan sum pawhpen a non-plan atana hman a tam viau phei chuan sorkar sum enkawl dan a felhlel tihna a ni bawk.
Deficit hi eng tihna nge?
Budget-a langsar tak thin chu 'Deficit' hi a ni awm e. A tawi zawngin sawi ta ila, sorkar sum indaih lohna hi deficit chu a ni. Sum indaih loh saa budget siam a nih chuan deficit budget a ni a, sum chuang liam a awm dawn a nih chuan surplus budget a ni thung. Deficit hian leiba a tipung zel a, surplus a awm erawh chuan leiba rulhna a awm tihna a ni. Sum indaih lohna phuhruk nan sorkarin sum a dap thin a, chu chu 'deficit financing' an ti bawk.
Revenue account-a (revenue receipts & revenue expenditure) sum a indaih loh sa chuan revenue deficit an ti (revenue deficit=revenue expenditure-revenue receipts). Budget deficit an tih fo pawh hi revenue deficit vang a ni thin. Budget deficit chu budget pumpui a sum indaih lohna (total expenditure-total receipts) hi a ni.
Tarlan tawh angin budget-ah hian kum thara sum ruahmanna bakah kum kal lai leh a hma kuma sum dinhmun tarlan a ni. Chuta tang chuan kum thar tira leiba awm zat tur leh kum tawpa leiba awm zat tur a hriat lawk theih bawk. Leiba (public debt) an tih chu kum kal ta zawnga sorkarin pawisa a bat leh a hman puk tlingkhawm hi a ni. Leiba awm chhan chu, sum indaih lohna vang te, chhiatna/harsatna lo thleng vang te, hmasawnna hnathawh lian tham kalpui vang te, sorkarin sum a enkawl that loh vang te a ni tlangpui.
Budget documents
'Budget pharh' kan tih hi finance changtu minister-in Parliament/Legislative assembly a budget document a pharh hi a ni. A pharhnaa a thusawi hi 'budget speech' an ti bawk.
Budget speech bakah hian budget document-ah chuan sum ruahman tarlanna annual financial statement leh a sawifiahna explanatory memorandum a awm a. Sum ruahmante chipchiar zawka tarlanna leh house pawmpui dilna tur (Department hrang hrang pawisa hman dan tur chipchiar) demand for grants a awm bawk. A bu a chhah em avang hian mi thenkhat chuan Demand for Grants hi budget bu pui ber emaw an ti fo nghe nghe.
Heng bakah hian budget pharh ruala pharh tel ve sum ruahmanna dang (vote on account, etc.,) pawh a tel thin bawk.
Budget speech-ah hian sorkar sum dinhmun te, sum hman dan tur te, hmalakna kalpui mek te, kum thara sorkar hmalakna tur hrang hrang te, a hnathawh tur te, chhiah thar lak tur te, chhiah awltir tur/tihtlem tur te, hamthatna a siam thar tur te, leh thil dang budget pharhtu (finance minister-in) a chhiar chhuak thin a. Budget speech hian ngaihven a hlawh hle thin a, budget pharh an tih ber pawh hi hei hi a ni nghe nghe.
Budget hi Mizo mipui tam zawk chuan kan la ngaihven lo hle a, tam tak chu kan la bangbo rih viau bawk. Sorkar hmalakna tur puanchhuahna ang leka ngai pawh an awm a, a mawh chuang lo e. A nihna takah chuan budget hian kan ngaihsak emaw ngaihsak lo emaw ram chhung mitin min nghawng vek a ni tih erawh kan hriat a tha awm e.
Wednesday, March 18, 2009
BUDGET - MIPUI SUM
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