Mizorama Hnam Tenaute Leh Helna

¢ Dr Lalthakima, Asst. Proffessor, Deptt. of Pol. Science, Pachhunga University College

Mizoramin hun harsa tak paltlanga India nena kan inremna ni lawma hun kan hman thin lai hian remna hlutzia leh hmasawnna hnukpui a nihzia chu kan hre theuh awm e. Indona vangin thisen tam tak a luang a, nunna engemaw zat hloh a niin hrehawm sawi hleih theih loh a hre phak te chuan an tuar a. Chumi atanga chhuahna dar khawng ritute kha an fakawm ngawt mai. Hetih lai hian Mizoram chhungah ngei, vai lakah ni lo Mizoram sorkar lakah helna a chhuak a, chumi vang chuan nunna leh sum leh pai bakah hun engemaw zat sen a ni tih hi kan hriat tel a tha awm e.


Mizoram hmar lamah kan unau ‘Hmar’ te'n Autonomous District Council ngiatin hun engemaw chen an rammu a, anni hnu lawkah hian khawthlang lamah ‘Tuikuk’ tia kan hriat lar zawk ‘Bru’ te'n chu dinhmun vek ngiat chuan an nunna thapin tan an lo khawh ve thung a. Tun dinhmunah hian thilhlui te pawh a chang dawn dawn ta a, mahse heng thil lo thleng tawh pahnih atang hian zir tur awm ngeia a lan avangin remna tluantling neihna zel tur a nih beiseiin he thu hi i’n chhiar dawn teh ang.

HMAR: Khawi lam mi nge hmanah heng hi?
'Hmar' tih tawngkam hrim hrim hi a tirah chuan hnam hming niin a lang lo a, British-hovin Old Kuki an tih, Lusei hnam peng chi khat an ni. Tuna Mizoram kan tih hmunah hian a hlawpin an lo pem thla hmasa a, Lusei hnam nawlpui an lo thlen thlak hnuah a lo awm sate chu hmar lamah an tawlhkiang ta a,chuta tang chuan ‘Hmar’ tih hnam hming hi an put ni ta maiin a lang.

Hetia Lusei nawlpuiin Mizoram an thlen thlak avanga a lo awm sate hmar lama an tawlh hian a then chu an thleng ril deuh a, Meghalaya lam lam te pawh an thleng a, Cachar leh North Cachar Hills (Assam) ah te, Tripura, leh Manipur-ah te an awm darh ta hlawm a. Engemaw zat chu Mizoramah an chambang thung a ni. Mizo historian kan neih te'n an chhuinaah reng reng Hmar te hi hnam hrang hlak anga ziah an ni ngai lo a, Rev Liangkhaia "Mizo Chanchin"-ah phei chuan Lusei lo pem thlate hlauh avanga hmar lama inbengbel ta leh an hnam hming ‘Hmar’ tih pawh pu chawp ta niin chiang takin a ziak a ni (See. Liangkhaia, Mizo Chanchin P 180). Hetiang taka Lusei nawlpui nena hnam inunau leh inlungrual ta chu Hmar te hian hnambil rilru an pu har viau a, Kum 1986-a Hmar People’s Convention (HPC) a lo din hma phei kha chuan Mizoramah Hmar hnam behchhan party hi a la ding lo hrim hrim a, hnam bil anga politics an tuipui ve tanna pawh hi Manipur lam hmar-ho vanga an neih chawp ve mai a ni tih a hriat. Manipur-ah khian Hmar hnam nawlpui an cheng a, thisena unau ta chu anni vanga Hmar movement pawh hi lo awm ni hialin a chhut theih.

A chin chhuakin
Hmar hnam te hi an rilru a hran loh em avangin Mizorama political party hmasa ber Mizo Union, April ni 9, 1946-a a lo din khan Manipur lama Hmar hnam awm te pawhin an zawm ve mai a, Mizo Union unit te pawh ding vein, hei bak chu a hranin hnam bil political party an nei lo. Hetia Mizo Union an zawm vakna chhan hi hmun hrang hranga Mizo awmkhawmho zai khata luanna tura ramri thar an kham theih beiseina vang a ni.

Khatih laia Lushai Hills hnuaia awm an duhna khan Manipur premiere PB Singh-a pawh a tibuaiin Mizo Union an bansan chuan Regional Council pek hial a tiam nghe nghe a ni. Mizo Union hruaitute pawhin he thu hi hriain hruaitute zinga mi HK Bawihchhuaka chu Manipur-ah an han tir a, Mizo Union hruaina hnuaia Mizo District Council lo piang tura beiseiah an tel tur thuin a han hmin thlap a. Hmar-ho pawhin Manipur premiere-in a sawihmuh Regional Council chu Manipur thuneihna hnuaia kun tur tho a nih avangin an lo hnawl ta bawk.

April 29, 1954-a “Mizo District” siam a lo nih khan Manipur lama cheng Hmar te chuan an beisei ang ngeia Mizo District chhunga rinluh inbeiseiin an lo nghak a, nimahsela, District Council thar chuan ramri awmsa ‘Lushai Hills Superintendent Area’ ramri chu ihe loin a rawn pawm tak mai avangin Manipur-a Hmar-ho chu an sukna ngaiah an la su leh ta rih a, an hrilh pawh a hai hle.

Hun engemaw ti chen hnu-ah MNF-in zalenna an puan khan ‘Greater Mizoram Policy’ chu Manipur-a Hmar te pawhin thinlung taka zawmin an lo tuipui hle a hun engemaw ti chhung chu helnaah pawh an phusa ve hle. Nimahsela, a hma ang bawkin MNF leh India-in inremna an ziah khan Mizote chenna hmun hrang hrang administrative area khata dah chungchangah chuan India Danpui Article pathumnain hemi chungchang hrilhfiahna a neihsa thu leh sorkarin hemi chungchanga thutlukna hran a siam loh thu a inziak ta mai a, Mizoram area atan pawh North Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971 section 6-na hman leh mai a ni ta a, Manipur Hmar te tan chuan Mizorama inchhunluh chungchang chu ‘Thu a tawp e, lumam’ tih ang vel a ni ta a ni.

Hetianga Hmar hnam nawlpui awmkhawmna Manipur lam te'n lungawi lohna an neih tak foah hian an unau Mizoram Hmar te chu hmin chin an lo nei zel a. Hemi hma pawh hian Assam, Manipur leh Tripura-a Hmar te tan a hrana district nawr na hi chu a awm tho a, hetih chhung zawng hian Mizoram lama Hmar te chu an ngurchuai deuh reng thung. Mizorama Hmar te hi sawi tawh ang khan an rilru a hran loh em avang leh mihrang ang ziazanga enna, a Lusei lam atang pawha a awm bik loh vang a ni pakhat a, an dinhmunah an lungawi tawk viau a ni. Nimahsela, kum 1986-a Sakawrdai-a Hmar mipui inkhawmpui chuan Mizoram Hmar Association an neih sa chu political party-ah letin HPC hi an din a. He party a din atang hi chuan a thil tum leh a kal dan hrim hrim pawh a tur ta ngun mai a, Kum 1987-ah phei chuan khatih laia Mizoram governor Swaraj Kaushal-a hnenah Memorandum thehlut-in Autonomous District Council an duh thu chu an thupui ber a ni ta a, hemi hnu hian vawi duai lo Autonomous District Council an duh thu hi Mizoram leh Central sorkar-a hotulute hnenah an thlen ta bawk.

Hetianga an duhna an thlen fo hnu pawh hian an beisei ang an hmu lo nia inhriain March ni 28, 1989-ah leh April ni 18-29, 1989-ah te khan HPC Demand area chhunga khaw tinah ‘Non-Violence Peaceful Bandh’ tia koh chu huaihawt a ni a, he thil kal zelin a nghawngah hian May ni 16, 1989-ah HPC te leh Mizoram sorkar inkarah silai hmetpuaka innghirnghona a awm tan ta a ni.

Heta tanga intan hian HPC leh Mizoram sorkar te inkarah buaina vawi duai lo a chhuak a, July ni 27, 1994-a remna thu ziah a nih thleng khan HPC lam chu mi 44 thi nia record a ni a, hetia inremna an ziah hnu hian HPC hel lo kir leh te leh buainaa thi chhungte chu Rs. singthum theuh pek an ni a, tin, HPC te duh ber Autonomous District Council neihna kawng atan Sinlung Hills Development Council chu din a ni ta bawk.

Tunhnai thil thleng
Hetia HPC te buaina a reh a, mi 300 chuang te'n nunphung pangngai an rawn zawm leh lai hian kum 1995-ah mai khan he inremnaa lungawi lo pawl Hmar People’s Convention - Democratic (HPC-D) an lo chhuak leh ta. A tir teah chuan he pawl ding thar hian Mizoram hmar lama Hmar te tana Autonomous District Council din a ngiat a, mahse, hun lo kal zelah chu ngawt chu duhtawk tawh lovin Hmar hnam te’n state hran an neih theihna tura hmalak an tum ta zel a ni. An thil phutte hi an ti mai mai lo a ni tih lantir nan nikum (2008) September thla mai pawh khan IR sipai pali nunna chu Saipum bulah lak a nih nghe nghe kha.

Buaina tawpna tur Hmar Autonomous District Council
Kan hmar unaute buaina zawng zawng hi chhan hrang hrang atanga lo irhchhuak angin lang mah se a bul berah chuan anmahnia inrelbawlna hran neiha hmasawn ve tawh duhna vanga lo langchhuak a ni berin a lang. Hemi bakah hian an tiatpui hnam peng dangte'n Mizorama dinhmun an luah ang luah ve pha lo nia an inhriatna hi a chhan dang a ni thei ang.

North- East Area (Reorganisation) Act 1971, tihpuitlin a nih khan Mizoram chu Union Territory-a hlankai a ni a, hemi denchhen hian Mizorama hnam tenau dang - Lakher, Pawi leh Chakma te chu District Council pek an ni ve bawk. Hetih laia an tiatpui deuh rual Hmar hnam te’n engmah an chang ve lo nia ngaihna hian an thinlungah engemaw chenah bu a lo khuar tawh a ni.

He an lungawi lohna hi a lehlamah chuan a puakchhuak har ang reng zawk viau a. Hetia a puah keh a, Mizoram sorkat nena inremna an siam hnu pawh hian Development Council ringawt-ah hi chuan an la hmin zan lo tih a hriat hle a. Hei hi chu inremna an ziah angin rei lo te atana (kum hnih) mamawh phuhrukna tur ang lekah Hmar hnam hruaitute hian ngaiin heng an buaina zawng zawng chinfelna tur chu Autonomous District Council hi a nih thu an auchhuahpui ngun hle. Tunhnai maia HPC hruaitu inthlang leh pawhin he thu bawk hi an la tlangaupui a ni. Heti a nih chuan he an thil duh ber hi pek an nih hma chuan tharum thawha beihna lian tak chhuak lo mah se thinlung damna tak tak an chang dawn lo a ang hle.

BRU buaina
Remna Ni lawmin Mizoramin hun ralmuang tak a hmang tawh emaw tih laiin June ni 30, 1997-ah chuan MAP pasarih ngawt mai Bru hnam hel kutah an thi a, Mizo mipui a barakhaihin a rapthlak ngei mai. HPC te nena inremna thuthlung ziak fela sorkarin thlamuang taka kal a siam lain Mizoram khawthlang lama cheng Bru te’n hetiang thil hi an rawn tan ve leh ta a, anni pawhin an duh ber leh an thil tum nia an sawi chu ‘Autonomous District Council’ bawk a ni.

Bru: Tutenge?
Mizoten Tuikuk tia kan hriat lar zawk Bru te hi Mizoram khawthlang lamah an cheng a, an tobul tak hi hriatchian fak chu a ni lo nain Burma rama Shan state atanga lo pem nia hriat an ni ( T Zawna: Bru te leh Chanchintha).

Tripura-ah awmhmun an bengbel a, Mizorama an lo luh hma hian Tripura-a Maian Tlang an tih maiah hmun an khuar a, Tripura lal hnuaiah sipai commander te pawh an nei ve hial a, Tripura lalin Bru te hi a enkawl that vak loh avangin an mangang chu hmun pilril lamah tawlhlut zelin Tripura dep Mizoram lamah an rawn lut a, an inthlahpung ve ta zel a ni tih hi ziaktute pawm dan a ni. A bikin kum 1942-a Tripura lal Ratan Manikya laka an hel atanga Mizoram an rawn luh hi hluar ta nia sawi a ni bawk. Baptist Today-in kum 2008-a a tarlan danin tunah hian Mizoram khaw 80 chuangah Bru te hi mihring 58, 269 an awm niin a tarlang. Heng zinga mi 41,212 te chu Kristian an ni tia tarlan a ni.

Bru leh Mizoram Politics
Bru te hi a tir tak atanga Mizoram luahtu an nih loh avang leh Mizo hnam peng an nih lem loh vang te pawhin Mizoram politics-ah sulhnu an nei lo khawp mai. Tun thleng hian Assembly-ah pawh Bru hnam thlantlin an la ni ngai lo. Anmahni hi khaw hrang hranga an taidarh avang leh an khawsak a hniam deuh avangin Mizoram politics-ah an daihriat a tlem a, an inhnamnhnawih tam lo hle bawk. Tripura lamah erawh chuan politics-ah pawh sulhnu an nei ve viau zawk a, MLA leh Minsiter te hial pawh an han nei ve phak a ni.

Bru hnam nunphung chawilar tur leh an hmasawnna tur a nih beiseiin Riang Democratic Convention Party (RDCP) chu kum 1990 October thla khan Damparengpui-ah din a ni. Kum 1997-ah Saipuilui-ah (tunah he khuaa hi an rauhsan tawh) khawmpui ko lehin he khawmpui hian Autonomous District Council neih chu an resolution pawimawh tak pakhat a ni a, hei bakah hian Bru hmakhawngaitu MLA sawm tal neih an relthlu tiap mai bawk.

Kil hrang hrang atanga thlira an hnam hnufual dan leh sorkar enkawl sikula zirtirtute inthlahdah thu te, Kohhran din sikul te'n Mizo tawng chauh hmanga an zirtir avanga hmasawnnaah an duhsak tak tak lo nia an hriat thu te chu he khawmpui hian chang fek fawkin a tarlang bawk. Bru hnamin kawng hrang hranga an hnufualna atanga chawikang tur leh lei rem an rah ve theih nana kawng awm chhun chu District Council neih chauh hi nia Bru hnam zinga mi hawiharh deuhten an hriat avangin he Saipuilui Conference hian hetiang hian thu an 'pass' ta niin a lang.

Bru hel an awm
Kum 1997-a Bru te'n District Council an ngiat atanga rei lo teah Khatih laia India ram prime minister IK Gujral-a hnenah District council an ngiatna Memorandum an thehlut a, hemi hria hian Mizoram khawthlang lama Mizo khaw hrang hranga thalaite chu October ni 14, 1997 khan Rengdil-ah intawkkhawmin Bru te thil ngiat an duh loh thu an tlangaupui ta a, hemi zan atang hian Bru te hian hlauin Mizoram an chhuahsan ta a ni.

A tukah pawh an chhunzawm zel a, he thil hi AIR Shillong chuan chi leh chi inkar buaina anga puangin Bru te’n hlauhlawpin Mizoram an chhuahsan niin a rawn puang ta a ni.

October ni 20, 1997-ah chuan Dampa Tiger reserve-a hnathawktu Lalzawmliana chu a hnung lama atangin silaia kah a ni a, a kaptute hi Bru hel pawl Bru National Liberation Front (BNLF) an ni tih hriatchhuah a ni. He pawl hi a tir, 2006 October-a an din lai chuan mi sawmpasarih leh silai tlem nei chauh an ni tih hriat a ni. An hotupa hi Vanlalliana, Tuirum-a mi a ni tih hriat a ni bawk.

He inthahna avanga Mizote'n Bru te laka chet thawha Bru-ho umchhuak vak anga sawi kha a awm thin. Nimahsela, a nihna takah chuan Dampa ngaw-a thil a thlen hmaa Bru-ho pemchhuahna hi intan a ni tawh zawk a ni. Tin, heta an pem hi a hnu leh zelah phei chuan anmahni Bru Students' Union te’n chhuak tura an innawr avang a ni bawk. Heta tang hian Bru te’n tharum thawha an chetna chu a hluar zel a, mi an that a, a then an rubo a, lLirthei hal leh thil chi hrang hrang a thleng zui reng bawk. He buaina hi hel pawl te maiah tawp lovin Bru hnam pum pui deuhthaw an inrawlh a, Mizo te chu National Human Rights Commission te, Asian Indigenous peoples Network lamah te mihring dikna chanvo palzut nasa ah puh an ni ta zel a ni.

Helna pawh ka tan hlawkna?
Mizoram sorkar leh BNLF te chuan April ni 26, 2005-ah inremna thuthlung ziakin BNLF mi leh sa 195 te chu July ni 25, 2005-ah Tuipuibari-ah khua leh tui pangngai ni turin lawmluh leh an ni a, heng hel lo kir te hi Rs. 50,000/- pek theuh tur an niin Rs. 40,000/- chu a hu tawk thil pek tur an la ni cheu a ni.

Bru hel mai bakah raltlan intite tana chhawmdawlna tur Rs Vaibelchhe 28 chu sorkar laipuiin a la puan sak cheu bawk.

Hetia chhawmdawlna duham tham tak changa BNLF te an inpek hnu lawk hian Bru hel dang an lo pung ta tuk tuk a. BNLF (Tuisaraia group), Vanrama group leh Vanlalliana pawl, Bru Liberation Front of Mizoram (BLFM) tih te chu member tlem te neiin an rawn ding leh ta tuam tuam mai. Kum 2005-a BLFM a din tirh khan member 5 vel neia chhut a ni a, nimahsela, kum 2006 October thlaa sorkar kuta an inpek meuh chuan mi 804 lai an lo ni leh tawh a, an pung chak lutuk hi ringhlelin Mizoram sorkar pawh mi 100 chauh chhawmdawlna pe turin a inbuatsaih nghe nghe a ni.

BLFM te hian sorkar nena inbiakna an kalpui lai hian an tum ber chu sorkar tihbuai lam ai mahin BNLF te anga enkawlna leh chhawmdawlna dawn ve an tum ber anih thu an sawi a, ‘Cheng sangli kan pe a, hel pawl member-ah kan inziaklut a, he kan pawisa pek hi chu nakinah chhawmdawlna kan dawn hunah kan la let leh mai dawn” ti pawl te pawh an awm ve nawk a ni.

Bru te helna hi a tirah chuan political demand angin lang mah se a tawp lamah chuan a chiri hle a, pawisa leh chhawmdawlna dang it vanga thil ti kual mai mai anga sawi theih an ni tawh a ni.

A hmawrbawkna
Mizoramah hian a ram pum angin buaina kum 20 chuang kan tuar a, inremna hlawhtling tak neiin India rama ‘state ralmuang ber’ anga kan hotute an inchhal ni pawh kan tawng ta. Hetih lai hian kan ram chhungah ngei hnam tenau zawk te'n an chanvo tur mang mang pawh chang pha lo nia inngaiin tharum thawhin an che ta zauh zauh a, hei hian kan dam kim lohzia a ti chiang hle awm e.

Hetih lai hian kawng hrang hranga chanvo chang pha lo nia inhriatnain politics-ah nghawng neiin politics-a a fawng vuantu nih tumna a thlen a, chu kawng zawh tur chuan hnam bil rilrua thunkhahte'n silai an rawn pu leh mai thin. Hnambil rilrua thil kan thlir tawh phawt chuan awlsam taka a tihdamna zawn a har em em tawh a. Mizo hnam pum pui hi zai khata kan luan hova, hnambil rilru kan paih phawt loh chuan he kan ram zimte hi kan la ti buai nuaih reng lo ang tih hi sawi a har khawp mai.

Hetih lai hian sorkar lam pawhin tih tur a nei ve niin a lang, hmasawnna inkhairual lo lutuk te, hmasawnna hnukpui leh thil tha zawng zawng Aizawla awmtir vek tumna rilru te, hnam tenau zawkte’n an aw an chhuaha beng chhutngawn san te leh ramri leh hmun kilkhawr zawka awmte mamawh phuhruk te hi thil tul tak a ni. Mizorama hnam tenau te helna chhuak tawhte han thlir hian ramri hrulah, ram danga hel pawl awmsate puihnaa kalpui a ni deuh ber a, hei hian ramri hrul venhim leh thuam that a tulzia a tilang chiang hle. Aizawl leh a chhehvela mamawh aia tam sipai inekbeng ngheng mai te ai hi chuan a mamawhtu takte hnen thleng tur zawnga hmun remchang zawn a tha hle ang.

Engpawhnise, sorkar lamin theihtawp an chhuah a zarah Mizoram chhunga state sorkar laka helna pahnih chu hmehmih a ni ta phawt a. Kan chheh vela India hmarchhak state dangte ngaihtuah chuan sorkar hian a titha viauin a hriat. Kan chhevel state te hi helna mei mit hlei thei lo thelh tuma buai an ni deuh vek. Chutih laiin Mizoramah chuan pawi tam zawk an khawih hmain hmehmih a ni thin a, a lawmawm hle. Hetih lai erawh hi chuan hel pawlte lam atanga thinlung inpekna tak tak tel loa therhlo uma inpekna mai mai kan hmu ang tih a hlauhawm hle a, chuvangin helna hi dan leh thupek kenkawh chungchang ringawt a ni lo tih hi sorkarin a hriat chian hle a ngai.

Ei leh bar (economic), hnam nunphung (culture), politics leh vantlang nunphung (social life) hrim hrima midangte tluk lo nia inhriatna hian helna a chawkchhuak thin a ni tih hriata kiltin atanga ven ngai chi a ni. Hmalam pana kal mup mupa kan inhriata ‘remna leh muanna champha’ lawma kan zik mup mup lai hian hnam tenaute'n kan buzawl ngeiah him lova an inhriat tlat si chuan kan duh loh hi kan tawng fo thei tih hriat a tha hle.

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