Dahkham ngai lo loan – Credit Guarantee Scheme

¢ Vanlalremruata Tonson

Loan chu tlema thiltithei leh tipuitu nei tha deuhho chauhin an lak turah ngaih a ni. Thalai tam tak chuan bank laka an lungawi loh thu te an sawi thin a nih hi. Bultanna tur capital an neih loh avangin sorkar hian ruahmanna engemaw siam se an duh thu an auchhuahpui thin bawk.

Chu chu Mizorama mi challang tam tak pawhin an ngaihdan a ni a, thalaite harsatna sutkian dan tur sawi thin politician-te pawhin loan lak dawna dahkham neih ngai kher chu thil buaithlak a nih thu an sawi fo.

India sorkar chuan dahkham tur nei lote harsatna sutkian dan tur ruahmanna a siam a, pakhat chu free collateral security niin a dang chu credit guarantee scheme hi a ni.

Free collateral security chu industry tenau atana cheng nuai nga chin hnuai lam loan latute dahkham dah phut kher lo tura Reserved Bank of India-in bank hrang hrang hnena hriattirna a siam hi a ni.

Credit Guarantee Scheme (CGS) chu loan latuten an loan an rulh theih loh palha rulhsak an nihna tur a ni.

He'ng ruahmanna pahnih bakah hian ram pawn lama thil thawnchhuak turten sum lama harsatna an tawh lohna turin Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India pawh India sorkar chuan a siam bawk.

Ruahmanna pahnihte hian Mizoramah chuan hmelhriat a hlawh lo hle. Industry lama state a la hnufual vang pawh a ni mai thei. Mithiam leh nawlpui ngaihah pawh industry lama hmalakna turin Mizoramah hian kawng a awm lo tih a ni deuh tawp. Tih tur dang hre lo emaw industry ringawt atchilh emaw tan lo chuan hriat ngaihna a awm lo emaw tih hial tur a ni.

Dik tak chuan ruahmanna pahnihte hi chief secretary kalchhuak ta Haukhum Hauzel-in a sawi hma kha chuan vantlang hriatah sawi a ni ngai lo. Chumi hnuah CGS chu sawi a awm leh zauh thin a, vantlang hriata sawichhuahna tak tak chu May ni 2-a Mizoram Entrepreneurship Network (MEN) leh Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) tangkawpin he scheme chungchanga workshop an neih leh chumi hma lawka MEN general secretary Joseph L Ralte-in tualchhung chanchinbu thenkhata article a ziakte hi a ni.

Lehkhathiam leh thiam lo pawhin an lungkham ber chu sorkar emaw mihausa hnuaiah emaw inhlawhna zawn hi a ni ber a, entrepreneurship lam mipuiin an ngaihven theih nana hmalakna a awm lo. India sorkar ruahmanna pahnih tihlawhtlingtu tur bank-ho advertisement hmuh tur awmchhun chu personal loan, housing loan leh car loan a ni. Chung chu service loan a ni. An sumdawnna mutual fund etc hmuh tur a awm thin bawk.

Bank hi puhchhiat ngawt tur an nih leh nih loh erawh hriat thiam a har hle. Bank-hoin loan an pek chhuah tam ber chu service loan a ni a, chu chu thla tina hlawh late an hlawh atanga loan an rulhna tur lo laksak tura loan pek hi a ni. Thla tina an hlawh lak tur atanga lo lak mai turah pawh hian bank tawngkam takin 'recovery' a la tha lutuk chuang lo a, PMRY-ah te thleng hian manager thenkhat chuan dahkham an phut phah hial nia sawi a ni.

Chutiangah chuan bank-ho hian dahkham neih ngai lo loan hi puang ngam tur an ni em tih pawh zawhna awm thei a ni. Mahse, scheme a awm chuan chumi promote-na tur ruahmanna chu a awm tur a ni a, mipuiin sorkar ruahmanna an chhawr tangkai theihna turin sorkar department-te pawh hian hna an thawk tur ni awm tak a nih laiin ruahmanna pahnih chungchangah chuan industry department pawhin thawm an neih sawi tur a awm lo hle. Industry leh sumdawnna lam buaipuitu pawl zingah pawh MEN bak chuan thawm an nei vak lo. Mizoram thalai beidawng nia insawi tam tak chuan tanpuitu (facilitator) an lo nei lo a, kal ngaihna an lo hre meuh lo a lo ni.

Ruahmanna chu eng tianga tha pawh lo awm se loan chu pawisa puk a ni a, a puk tirtuin a pek ngam tlat loh chuan tih ngaihna vak a awm lo. CGS leh free collateral security loan te hi rulh leh ngai lo loan a nih loh avangin bank leh financial institution-te chuan thuneihna sang tak an la nei tho.

"Cheng nuai nga thleng pek theih chu a ni a, a tak takah chuan nuai nga chu kan pe ngam chiah lo a ni," tiin Aizawla bank manager pakhat chuan a sawi nghe nghe.

An loan pek tur hi an ring ngam tur a ni a, an sumdawnna tur chu hlawhtlin beisei awm a ni tur a ni. Free collateral security loan pawh hi vantlangin hre vak lo mah se bank chuan an pechhuak lo chu a ni chuang lo. CGS pawh sumdawnna lama mit lo keuh tawh thenkhat chuan an lo tangkaipui tawh bawk.

CGS-ah hian loan latuin a rulh theih loh pawha lo rulhsaktu tur Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro & Small Enterprises (CGTMSE) a awm a; hei hi August 2007-a India sorkar leh SIDBI tangkawpin an din a ni. India sorkar hian an pawisa thawhkhawm hmun nga then hmun li thawhin SIDBI hian a hmun khat lo thawh tura tih a ni. A tirah chuan cheng vaibelchhe 125 an thawhkhawm phawt a, chumi hnuah vaibelchhe 1736.68 thawhkhawm lehin vaibelchhe 2500 thawhkhawm an tum mek a ni.

Sorkarin a ruahman dan chuan loan pek ngam leh ngam loh teh nana dahkham tur neih leh neih loh hman thin aiah loan hmanga hnathawh tur that leh that loh chu teh nana hman zawkna tur a ni a, loan la pha lo leh thei lo an awm bik lohna tur a ni bawk. Mahse, he scheme hian loan latuin a rulh theih loha rulhsak turah hian huam chin a nei a, India hmarchhaka chengte chu an loan lak hi cheng nuai nga aia tam lo a nih chuan 85% hi an rulh theih loha rulh sak tur hian a huam a, cheng nuai 50 chinah 80% huam bawk. Cheng vaibelchhe khat a nih erawh chuan cheng nuai 65 chauh a huam thung. Sorkar ngaihah chuan small leh medium enterprise hi ram economy hnuk pakhat a ni a, agriculture tih lohah chuan ei zawn nana hmang an tam berna a ni. Tichuan, hetiang lama hmalakna hian a tha zawngin nghawng thui tak a nei thei dawn niin MEN leh SIDBI tangkawp workshop-a zirtirna petu SK Alam, CGTMSE deputy general manager, Kolkata thutchilhtu chuan a sawi.

CGS loan hi Member Lending Institution (MLI) an tihte hian an pe thei a, bank ni kher lo financial institution NEDFI (North East Development Financial Corporation) leh National Small Industries Corpoaration (NSIC) te pawhin an pe thei a ni.

India ram pumah hian MLI 80 an awm a, mahse, a thawk tha tak tak chu 52 an ni. Mizoramah chuan SIDBI leh SBI ten he scheme hnuaiah hian loan an pe tawh a, Axis bank-in pek chhuah mai tur an nei niin MEN leh SIDBI tangkawp buatsaih workshop-ah hian sawi a ni. Cheng vaibelchhe khat thleng he scheme hnuaiah hian loan lak theih a ni bawk.

Tun hma chuan cheng nuai 50 thleng a lak theih thin a, tun hnai khan tipun a ni. MSMED Act 2006-in a sawi manufacturing leh service sector-ahte loan hi a lak theih ve ve. Mimal bakah intelkhawmte pawhin he scheme hnuaiah hian loan hi lak theih a ni.

Loan latute hian fee chawi tur an nei a, annual service fee leh gurantee fee te a ni. Heng fee-te hi MLI (loan petu) te'n an loan pek atanga an lo tihfel tur a ni a, CGTMSE-ah an lo pek tur a ni. Loan latu tan CGTMSE hi dawr buai a ngai lo niin SK Alam chuan a sawi.

Annual service hi India hmarchhaka chengte tan chuan cheng nuai nga chinah 0.5% pek tur a ni a, a aia tamah chuan 0.75% pek tur a ni. Guarantee fee hi India hmarchhaka chengte tan chuan 0.75% pek tur a ni bawk. Fee hi loan lak atanga chhut tur niin fee pek ngai zat hi kum khata thla awmzat 12-a sem a, chumi chhuak chu thla la awm zata puntir tur a ni.

Dahkham neih a ngaih loh avang hian loan hi batral theihah ngaih tur a ni lo. Dahkham (collateral security) hi third party guarantor ti te pawha sawi a ni a, chumi awmzia chu loan latuin ba a rulh theih lohva bank-in a pawisa ba hu sum an lakna tur a ni. A loan latu a fihlim ta tihna a ni lo.

CGS hnuaiah miin loan la se, a rulh theih loh chuan MLI (bank) hian beisei tur awm tawh lo (non-performing asset)-ah a puang ang a, chutah CGMSE chuan MLI hnena a pawisa pek tur first instalment a pe phawt ang a, MLI 'recovery proceeding' tia an sawi mai hi ti phawt ang a, dan hmangin loan latu thil chhuhsak tur awm ang angte an chhuh sak dawn a nih chu. Chumi hnuah second instalment a pe leh ang.

Second instalment a pek hnua MLI-in a la hloh tur chu CGTMSE nen hian an intum sem ang a, CGTMSE chuan an intum sem tur hmun lia then hmun thum a tum ang a, MLI-in hmun khat a tum dawn a ni.

Chuvangin loan hi thil beisei awm loah pawh awlsam taka lak mai theih turah ngaih tur a ni lo. MLI hian thil beisei awm loah pawh loan pek maina turin he scheme hi a hmang tur a ni lo a, project hi bank-in an enfiah dan pangngaiin uluk takin a enfiah ngei ngei tur a ni.

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