Indigenous People-te Tana UNO Thupuan

¢ Lalmuanpuia Punte
General Secretary, ZORO

UNO chuan khawvel hmun hrang hranga mingo sorkarin an ram awpte (colony) an chhuahsan vek tur a ni tiin kum 1960 khan Decolonization a puang a, khami avang khan ram 54-in independence an hmu a; ram 14 te chu anmahni duhthlanna (self determination) pein ram 8-in independence thlangin ram 6-in anmahni awptu sorkara beh zel an thlang a ni.

Amaherawhchu, he Decolonization hnu pawh hian khawvel hmun hrang hrangah hian tualchhuak hnam (indigenous peoples) te chu rahbeh leh nawrchepin an awm reng a ni tih hriain he’ng tualchhuak hnamte harsatna ngaithlakna tur forum, UN Working Group on Indigenous Population (UNWGIP) session chu kum 1982 a\ang khan siam \anin kum tin July thla chawlhkar tawp berah Geneva-ah kar khat awh a buatsaih ta ziah a. He UNWGIP-ah hian khawvel hmun hrang hranga tualchhuak hnam palaite chuan an harsatna an thlen \hin a, UNWGIP-in kum sawm a tlin meuh chuan khawvel hmun hrang hranga tualchhuak hnamte’n harsatna tawh nasatzia hriain ngaihven lehzual tumin kum 1993 kha International Year of World Indigenous Peoples a puang ta hial a. Kumpuanah hial a hman takah chuan UNO chuan tualchhuak hnam te dinhmun zirin a’n bichiang lehzual a, kum khat (kum puan) chhung maia chinfel chi ziazang a nih loh zia hmuchiangin kum 1994-2004 kha Indigenous Decade (kum sawm chhung a zawn a kum puan) a puang leh ta hial a.

He Decade chhung hian tualchhuak hnam UNO sutpui bel an pung tual tual a, ZORO pawhin kum 1999 a\ang khan Zofate, Britsh-in khawvel sorkar pathum hnuaia \hendarha min kalsan tak avanga harsatna kan tawh te thlenin UNO sutpui hi kan bel \an ve a. Hetah hian ZORO hruaitute chu UNO expert-te chuan uluk taka interview neia thu an zawhfiah hnuah ZORO chu UNO recognized Indigenous Organization (IPO)-ah min telh ta a, heta \ang hian ZORO chu kum tin kan tel ta ziah \hin.

UNWGIP mai bakah session dang, he’ng - Human Rights Commission session te, Sub Commission on Human Rights session leh Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (DDRIP) session-ah te ZORO chuan palai kan tir \hin bawk.

He DDRIP session hi tuna UN Declaration lo ni ta duan lawkna a nih avangin ZORO chuan duh dan tam tak thlen in sawi khawmna ah te kan sawi ve \hin a ni.

UNO chuan hmalak chak leh zual nan kum 2002 atang Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) hnuaiah UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII) a din leh bawk a, kum tin May thla chawhnu lamah chawlhkar hnih awh session New York-ah a ko ziah bawk a, he UNPFII session-ah hian a din tirh kum 2002 khan ZORO hruaitu Pu Rozathanga chu telin, kum 2004 a\angin kum tin ZORO president R Thangmawia hi a la tel ziah \hin a ni.

He’ng session hrang hranga kalte zinga mi \henkhat hi UNO-in an senso a tumsak a, mi \henkhat hi senso mahnia intum chawp an ni. ZORO president Pu R Thangmawia phei hi chu kum 1999 a\anga kumin thlengin kum tina a kal man hi amah a la intum chawp vek bakah midang kalna senso te pawh a tumsak fo bawk.

Keini ZORO bakah hian kan unau Zo hnahthlak dang Kuki leh Chin te pawh UNO buatsaih Indigenous session-ah hian an tel ve \hin a, tun dinhmunah Chin-Mizo-Kuki te hian a hrang vek, inhrepawh tawn chung siin UNO hi kan la bel rih hlawm a, hnam hming hlawm (nomenclature) pakhat hminga lungrual taka UNO belh tlan theih hun a nghahhlelhawm khawp mai.

Tichuan kum puan lamah khan han lut leh lawk ila, tualchhuak hnamte hian UNO ngaihsak kan hlawh hma khan nawrchep leh rahbeh kan lo tawh nasat hman em avangin kum 2004 a lo zawh meuh pawhin hmalak tur tam tak an la zawh hman loh avangin kum 2005 atangin 2nd Indigenous Decade an la puan belh ta sauh sauh a ni.

Tualchhuak hnamte dikna leh chanvo chungchanga thupuan tur kum tina DDRIP session hranpa ngat kova a duan \hin (ZORO pawh kan tel ve \hin) chu peih felin kum 2007 September ni 13 khan UN General Assembly chuan a lo pass thei ta a, he thupuan hi UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) an ti.

He thupuan thlawp zawng hian UNO member ram 144-in vote an pe a, India, Burma leh China te pawhin a thlawp zawngin vote an pe a, ram 13-in vote pek na lam tur hre lovin an hai a, mingo hnam, mi rama va pem a, a ram neitu hnamte va awpbeta mingo sorkar va dintu ram pali - USA, Canada, Australia leh New Zealand te chauhin a dodal zawngin vote an pe a ni.

Canada sorkar chuan a dodal zawngin vote pe mah se kum 2008 khan a thlawp zawnga vote pe ram te tlan khalhin an parliament chuan he Declaration zulzuiin tualchhuak hnamte ham\hatna tur dan a pass leh lawi a, Australia pawhin kumin (2009) April thla khan tualchhuak hnamte dikna leh chanvo humhalh na tur zawngin dan a pass ve leh ta bawk.

He UNO thupuan (declaration) hian dikna leh chanvo nei ve ngai lo, khawvel hmun tina rahbeha awm tualchhuak hnamte chu 'rights' rawn pein khawvela hnam dangte ang bawk kan lo ni ve ta a; a lawmawm hle a ni.

Declaration paragraph hnihna-ah chuan ‘Affirming that indigenous peoples are equal to all other peoples, while recognizing the rights of all peoples to be different, to consider themselves different, and to be respected as such’ tiin a inziak a ni.

Declaration siam a lo nih tak avangin UNO chuan July thla tawpa neih \hin UNWGIP session kha kum 2007 khan an ti tawp a, mahse dik theia a hriat loh avangin kum 2008 a\ang khan UNWGIP aiawh tur ECOSOC hnuaiah direct-in Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (EMRIP) a siam ve leh ta thung a, tunah hian he EMRIP session vawi hnihna hi an nei leh mek a, he session hian August ni 10-14 thleng a awh dawn a, ZORO hruaitu Pu Rozathanga pawh he session hmang hian Geneva-ah tunah hian a cham mek a ni.

UNO hriat danin khawvel pum puiah hian tualchhuak hnam matkaduai 370, hnam hrang 5000 vel; ram hrang hrang 70 ah kan awm mek a, he’ng hnam zingah hian keini Zofate pawh tel vein, ZORO pawh hi UNO recognized Indigenous Peoples Organization (IPO) zingah kan tel ve kan tih tawh kha. He UNO thupuan hian he’ng hnamte dikna leh chanvo - kan hnam rohlu min humhalhsak bakah kan ram leh leilung hausakna te chu min humhalhsakin a neitu nihna kan kutah min pe vek a ni.

Khawvel ram hrang hrang a\anga tualchhuak hnam UNO beltute harsatna tawh te hi a inang lo hlawm em em a, \henkhat chu keini ngaiha ho tak anga lang te pawh a awm a, keini Zofate anga political case lian tham tak tak nei te pawh an awm bawk.

International Year of World Indigenous Peoples an puan dawn kum 1992-ah khan UNO Secretary General Boutros Ghali chuan, “Khawvel hi chi hnihin a kal a, hnam \henkhat, awmkhawm duh miah lo awpkhawm luih te, awmkhawm duh em em awpdarh luih te an awm a, UNO hian a tawn tawnin anmahni awm duh dan ang ngeia an awm theihna turin theitawp chhuahin hma a la ang,” a ti. Tuna UNO Secretary General Ban Ki Moon pawh hi keini Zofate ang bawka hnam khat, awmkhawm duh, force lian zawkin a awpdarh, North leh South-a in\hendarh mek Korean hnam a ni.

UNWGIP din a nih atanga vawiin thleng hian UNO chuan tualchhuak hnamte tan nasa takin hna a thawk a, UNWGIP din kum 1982 khan UNO member ram 155 an awm a, indigenous decade an puan hma kum 1993 khan UNO member ram 28-a pun belhin ram 183 an tling hman a, Decade puan chin kum 1994 atanga tun thleng hian UNO member hi ram 7 an pun belh leh tawh a ni.

He UNO thupuan (Declaration) hian tualchhuak hnamte hi kan hnam rohlu, ram leh leilung hausakna te hi keimahni kutah a neitu nihna min pe a, humhalh leh chhawr \angkai pawh keimahni kut a ni. He Declaration hi kan chhawr thiam leh kan hlawkpui ang a, chhawr nachang kan hriat loh leh midangin min tihchhiat sakin a hlawkna min tel sak ang a, kan hawihai mai mai ang tih a hlauhawm hle mai. Mi tinin uluk takin he Declaration hi zirchiangin hman tangkai dan i ngaihtuah theuh ang u.