Damlai Hremhmun

¢ Er. Chhungpuia RHN

Khawchhiat vanga huh zawr hnup chunga "Khua a thal e ..Khuangruahpui sur tum si lo vawiin ni chuan...” tih hla YMA Day-a phur taka kan han sa thin hi chu(h)! Khawlum vanga thlan tla zawih zawih chunga Primary zirlaiten “Mizoram boruak chu a dai nuam hle...” tih sikul-a an zir tluk zeta thil inhmeh lo a ni awm e. Mumal takin ruah pawh a sur duh tawh meuh lo bawk nen, 'Damlai pialral i chen dun ang' tih hla sa thin te'n 'damlai hremhmun i chen dun ang' ti ni awm fahrana an lo inphelh ruak deuh a nih pawhin kei chuan ka dem hlek lo mai, tawngthuchhe lovah! Khua a lum em a ni e. Khawvel lum chak lutuk avanga tuilian, thlipui, khawkheng leh natna chi hrang hrang hi ni tin mai hian khawvel hmun hrang hranga chengte'n kan tuar a ni ber mai.

Khawvel sorkar lian tak takte chuan kan chenna khawvel lum chak lutuk hi mut mawh hnar mawhah an neih ta. USA chuan tun hnai mai khan carbon emission titlem tura intiamkamna thuthlung ziahpui turin ram hrang hrang a sawm kual hial a nih kha. California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger meuh pawhin , "We simply must do everything we can in our power to slow down global warming before it is too late. The science is clear. The global warming debate is over," tiin a sawi hial mai. US ram puma hman turin September ni 27, 2006 khan The Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 a sign nghe nge a nih kha.

Mamawh aia tam fossil, carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases insiam te'n greenhouse effect nasa tak an awmtir avanga tunhnai kum 100-200 kal ta atanga vawiin thlenga kan chenna khawvel lumna lo sang zel leh nakin huna khawlum lutuk rawn thleng tur sawina hi Global Warming an tih ber chu a ni. Mihring tana hlauhawm ni eng zungzamte hian lei an rawn thlen loh nan ozone layer te hian lo dang letin vansang thengrengah an lo thawnbo vek thin. Ozone layer hi kan khawvel sik leh sa venghimtu ber tiin kan sawi lo thei lo ang. Hetih lai hian Atmosphere- ah boruak hrang hrang, methene, carbon dioxide, water vapour, nitrous oxide, hydroflurocarbons etc a awm ve bawk. He'ngte hi greenhouse gases tiin an vuah. Greenhouse gas te hian ozone layer nasa takin a eiral mek a, hmun thenkhatah phei chuan ozone layer hi a pan hlein, ni eng zungzam hlauhawm takte chuan khawvel a rawn thleng ta hial mai. Hei hi ozone pawp tiin kan hre lar hle. Ozone layer a lo chhiat avang hian ni eng lumna hi vansang boruak thengrengah a kal bo a. He'ng gas-te hian ni eng lumna te hi leiah an rawn thawn kir leh a, hei hi Greenhouse Effect an ti.

Greenhouse gas vanga Ozone Layer pawp te, hydroflurocarbons lo tam ta lutuk te, Industrial Carbon emission tam lutuk te leh lei tuamtu atmosphere lumna lo sang zel ni tin mai hian khawvel lumna a ti zual zel. Keini Mizoramah ngei pawh lirthei lo pung chak lutuk leh ramngaw tihchereu nasat avangin greenhouse gas a tam tial tial a, lei tuamtu boruakah 'Long lived greenhouse gases' an tih mai carbon dioxide leh methene gas tam tak kan chhekkhawl teuh mai. Chhawrpial run iang kan tih, kan lo chhuan ve em em kan Zotlang ram pawh a nuam ta lo, nipui lai ngat phei chuan ceiling fan tel lo chuan a khawsak theih meuh ta lo chu a nih tak hi.

Kum 2050-ah chuan a tlem berah 25% tala Greenhouse gases kan tihthlem a ngai dawn tih mithiamte'n an sawi. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) chuan a tlem berah khawvela kan ramgaw neih zawng zawng hmun thuma thena hmun khat lai mai hi climate lum zual mek hian a la tihchhiat vek an ring ta deuh deuh. Hadley Centre for Climate Change, UK Meteorological Office chuan CO2 hi climate tidanglamtu ber a nih thu sawiin kum 2050-ah phei chuan ramngaw hi CO2 siamchhuahna kawngah a bulpui ber a niin sik leh sa tidanglamtu ber a ni dawn a ni tiin an puang bawk.

National Environmental Satellite, Data, leh Information Service (NESDIS) data centers hi khawl changkang ber ber hmanga sik leh sa inthlak chhinchhiahtu ber leh mipui hnena information pe chhuaktu ber an ni. National Climatic Data Center (NCDC )-ah khaw awmdan hmanrua tha tak nen sik leh sa inthlak dan engtik lai pawhin an lo chhinchhiah reng a. National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC)-ah lei chung hmun hrang hrang khaw lum dan a chhinchhiahin hun kal tawha sik leh sa nen khaikhinin nakina kan khawvel lum dan tur an chhutchhuak zung zung thin. Kum 1990, 1995 leh 2001 khan IPCC chuan khaw awmdan zirhona hlawhtling takin an nei a, hetah hian scientist-te chuan ramngawin sik leh sa a nghawng dan chiang takin an sawi. 21st century tawp lamah chuan carbon dioxide concentration hi khawvel hmun hrang hrangah 490 to 1260 ppm ( 75-350% above the pre-industrial concentration) a nih ngei an ring. Khua tilumtu ber green-house gas emissions 20 % lai mai hi ramngaw kan tih chereu vang a ni tih fianfiah a ni bawk.

India ramah ni tin ramngaw kan hal mek a, hei hian ramchhungah greenhouse gas nasa tak tipungin khua a tilum tial tial mai. A tha zawnga kan thunun vat loh chuan sik leh sa danglam thut avanga vanduaina rapthlak tak coastal threats, tsunamis, monsoons leh cyclones te pawh hi kan la tuar leh ngeiin scientist te chuan an ring.

Himalaya vur tlang pawh tunah hian 20% laiin a tlem tawh tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Tun hma a 3391 sq. km kha tunah chuan 2721 sq. km chauh a ni tawh bawk. Hetianga vur tlang a tuiral zel chuan harsatna lian tham tak kan tawk ngei dawn.

BBC News South Asia, 1st February, 2007, 12:35 GMT-ah chuan ramngaw kan tih chereu vanga India sik leh sa lumna lo sang ta lutuk chungchang fiah taka tarlan a ni. Nikum khan BBC News South Asia-in global warming survey neia Ganges luikam an fan tum khan temparature 400 C chunglam a ni a, a lum hle tih bak sawi tur an hre lo. BBC palaite chuan duh ang tawka pawisa hman tur nei se eng nge an lei ang ti-a an zawhna chu, "Khawlum lutuk tihrehna bak kan rilru-ah a awm lo, fan leh fridge kan mamawh ber," tiin heng laia mi cheng te chuan an chhang. “Ramngaw kan tih chereu vanga khaw lumzia i hriat duh chuan, Calcutta atangin Ganges luipui zawh chhoh rawh," tiin IPCC scientists te chuan an sawi ve bawk. India hi a lum tawh tehreng nen, IPCC Third Assessment Report 2001-ah chuan 1990 leh 2010 chhung hian India ram temperature hi 1.4 atangin 5.8ºC- a a pun tur thu an la sawi ta deuh deuh!

Global Warming chungchangah India hmarchhak leh Mizoram bik dinhmun tlem han tarlang ila. Survey report of FSI & P. S. Roy & P K Joshi Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (NRSA) , Dehradun-ah chuan North East Region 2,55,168 Sq. Km. vel zeta zauvah hian 63,799 km2 (42.24% ) forest a niin India forest 25% lai a tling a ni. Annual rainfall: 250 cm. Average temperatures: 11°-21° C (winter) 20°-29° C (summer) a ni. Tunah hian kum tin mai 44,000 km2 forests hal a ni a, kan sik leh sa nasa takin a lo danglam a, tun hma lam nena khaikhin chuan khua a lum em em tawh.

Forest Survey of India report-a a lan danin Mizoram 21,081 km2 . leka zauvah hian kum 1980 hmalam khan 7,900 hectares laia zauvah thingphun a ni a, kum 1985-90 khan 20,500 hectares lai kum tin thingphun ang kan ni. 98% lai mai ramngawin a khuh a, sik leh sa a nuamin ruahtui pawh kum tin 2,640-3,900 mm lai kan dawng thin. Hun a kal zel a, kum 1987 leh 1997 chhung khan kan ramngaw 80% (0.38 million hectares) lai kan hal kangin tunah phei chuan ramngaw hmuh tur a awm ta meuh lo. Ruahtui kan dawng tlemin khua pawh a lum sawt em em a ni.

'Damlai pialral i chen dun ang' tih hla ngaithla thin te'n 'damlai hremhmun i chen dun ang' ti ni awm fahrana an inphelh ruah tak tak hma hian kan chenna Mizoram boruak lo lum zel tur hi thinlung takin i vei ang u.