BRAHMAPUTRA LUIKAM ATANGIN (Mizoram leh leilung hausakna)

¢ Hriata Chhangte, Indian Bureau of Mines, Guwahati

Mihring nun tinuamtu ber pakhat chu hmalam hun chiang tak tak thei lo hi a ni. Chinese thufing pakhat pawhin, "Kan hmalam hun tur hi chu a chiang lo a ni tih chiah lo chu chiang dang a awm lo," a tia lawm! 1983 June thla vela Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad hmun ngei maia phur zet maia B.Tech (mining engineering) zir tura ka inbuatsaih laia, Directorate of Industries , Govt. of Mizoram hnuaia Geology & Mining chu Section an ti ta emaw ni, Wing ang chauhva an awm lai te ka ngaihtuah a, tun hnaia Mizoram sorkar-in Directorate of Geology & Mineral Resources (DGMR ) din a han rel ve ta rup mai thawmte chuan kei, mi lungleng thei em em, awmze awm lem lova ka hriat avang chuahva lungleng tha duh ta lo mai zawk pawh min fan dan a thuk dangdai raih mai.

A hmasain Zofate’n he khawvel ram zauva "ka ram" kan tih ve theih, tuna kan Mizoram 21,000 square kilometer bawr bik hi i han zir zuai teh ang. Leilung lam zirmite chuan Mizoram hi ram naupang te la niin Tertiary Age an tih hun chhunga lo piang/insiam niin an sawi ber. Chu chu kum maktaduai 40 atanga 60 vel lek a ni awm e. Bible lam zirtu thenkhatin Pathian-in kan khawvel hi 12th April, 4004 BC vela a siam ni anga an chhut nen paw’n keini Mizo Kristian-te chuan ngaihtuahna tihbuai phah nan emaw rinna tiderthawng tu-ah hmang chuang lo ila. Pathian hun chhiar dan (time scale) leh mihring hun chhiar dan a danglam miau a. Amaherawhchu mi tam takin ‘Pathian hian vawi khatah mai khawvel pum hi a siam a nih si chuan engti ziaa kan state thenawm lawk Meghalaya chu upa em em a, keini Mizoram chu kan naupan viau theih mai?’ tih zawhna erawh chu heti zawng hian sawifiah hlauh tum ila.

A tirah chuan Meghalaya ang thova siam rual kan ni tur chu a ni reng a. Amaherawhchu, hun lo kal zelah ‘Tectonic Plate Movement’ ( kan lei chhung thuk takah khuan, Crust kan tih chin km 7 atanga 40 vela chhah hi a keh phek phuk hlawm a, chung chu Techtonic Plate hrang hrang angin an awm ta thluah mai a) avanga plate thenkhat an innawr tawm nawk nawk laiin a then erawh an inpemsan ve bawk. Chutiang chuan kan awmna lei sakhat, CRUST kan tih thin mai pawh hi a lo awm mai mai tawp lo mai a. Chutiang khep khup karah chuan kan Mizoram pawh hi plate lian tak tak pahnih India plate leh China plate a bele-buta an innawrna lai vela awm kan lo ni reng a. Hemi plate pahnih insut kualna hi ‘Ring of fire ‘ an tih thin, Eastern Europe atanga rawn chhovin Afghanistan-Pakistan- Foothills of Himalayas- North East India- Myanmar- Indonesia- Japan ang vel hi an inhnim hnaihna (fault line/ weak zone) a nih avangin khawvela lirnghing tam berna ‘most active seismic zone- zone V’-ah kan lo awm ve reuh a. Chutia plate lian pui pui insu ta khut khut reng mai chuan keini Mizoram vel pawh hi hmanlaia tuipui hnuaia lo awm thin kha min han vawrh chhuak chho ta hret hret chu a lo ni a. Kum tin hemi plate innawr avang hian 5cm velin khawchhak zawngin kan tawlh hret hret reng a ni awm e. Phawngpui tlang chu sawi loh Himalaya tlang pawh hi a la sang hret hret zel nia chhut a ni. Chuvanga khawmual anga kan lo chawrchhuah meuh chu a la rei lutuk loh avangin Mizoram chu ram naupang kan lo ni ta mai zawk a ni. He ngaihdan (theory ) pawm tinuam em emtu chu thlawhna (chunglam sang deuh) atangin Mizoram tlang hi han thlir la, chhim leh hmar hawi zawng vekin kan tlangte an lo inrem ther fup mai a lo nia. Chutiang a lo nih theih dan chu kan ram lo insiam hian India plate khan China plate chu khawthlang lam atanga chhak lam hawi zawng a nawr tlat avangin khang laia leilung sakhat ( Mizoram leilung) kha chuan chhim leh hmar hawi zawnga inrem fel thlap mai loh chu chet ngaihna dang an lo nei ta lo a ni ber awm e. Chu chu Himalayas lo pian dan pawh niin keini ram pawh hi Geographically chuan Lesser Himalayas tih kan ni. Chutiang tho chuan Meghalaya pawh vawrhchhuah hmasak a lo nia. Anni erawh dim lo fahrana lo vawrhchuah deuh zawk an ni teh reng a ni ang chu, Plateau angin Bangladesh phai kuam atangin an fawr chhuak ta nawlh mai a ni. Chu Plateau chuan alawm Bangladesh chhum ruahtui pai kha a lo sawr ta tluk tluk mai a, Cherrapunji/Mawsynram te chu khawvela ruahtui tamna ber a lo ni ta (Cherrapunji bawr, khawvela ruahtui tlak tamna berah si hian tui in tur an harsa tlat reng mai thung!!!). Cherrapunji velah chuan ruah hi a han sur duh mai mai khawp a, an tia lawm, a sur loh lai pawhin a tla deuh phiar phiar reng a ni awm e. Chuvang chuan Meghalaya chu kan lo sawi upa ta zawk ngawt a ni ber mai.

Techtonic Plate Movement theory tirinawmtu dang leh chu N Hlimen quarry lung inthuah thip kara tuikep lung lo inzep tin ten kha a ni. Tuikep chu tui/tuipui-a awm an nih avangin tuipui atanga rawn thlawk chhovin N Hlimen quarry-ah an rawn inzeh ngawt thu a awm lo. Hmanlai Mizoram chu tuipui hnuaia lo insiam mup mup niin, tuipui atanga vawrhchhuah kan nih hi a la rei lutuk love tih lam biahthu a ni zawk. Bangladesh geologist-ho chuan an rama Meghalaya a lo insiam laia Chinai lung, lungalhthei leh leilung hausakna dang dangte hi lo insiam daih tawh an nih avangin Inter-National Court of Justice-ah pawh neitu nihna chuhin India ram kan khing dawn an ti fiamthu fo thin. A ni tak a, Meghalaya vanneih leh zel zelna chu an mineral deposits reng reng hi khawvel ram dang anga thuk taka awm ni lovin, Uranium pawh ni se, pawn lang te teah awmin Opencast Mining method hmangin, awlsam tak taka laihchuah theih hlir an ni pek a. Mining tawng chuan ‘Hot Cake’ tih tur an ni ve reng a ni. Ram hausa takah rethei takin an awmin kan hria em, eng vang nge? Ram leh hnam inkaihhruaina fel loh vang a ni thei em?

Le, chutiang teh duah kan lo nih tawh avangin tuna kan Mizoram 2010 AD-ah hian eng ang taka leilung hausakna (mineral resources) chu neiin, Indian Rupees emaw US dollar ang lam lamah te chantir theih tur kan nei reng em tih lam i han hawi ve dawn teh ang, chutia a hminga DGMR kan lo neih dawn tak tak si chuan!!!

Kan hriat tur pawimawh hmasa chu ram a upat vang ngawtin a ram kha a hausa chuang lo a, ram upa taka leilung hausakna awm duh chi a awm ang bawkin ram leilung naupanga awm duh chi an awm ve bawk. Kan ram ang pianphung leh upat lam angah pawh leilung hausakna (mineral resources) awm duh chi a awm. A tlangpui thuin heng fossiliferous (fuel minerals) an tih coal, lignite, petroleum, gas leh limestone ang chi te phei chu khawvel hmun dangah pawh an laihchhuah hnemna ber ang ram pianphung leh upat dana awm kan ni ve bawk.

Awle, kan hriat tur pawimawh tak erawh chu eng mineral pawh lo awm se, a tlem emaw a tam emaw, Geological Reserves tih a ni hrim hrim phawt a. Chutah a tam leh tam loh a zirin emaw, a hlut leh hlut loh a zir te, a awmna hmun (location) a zir te , a awmna ram policy leh socio-economic environment a zir te pawhin Geological Reserves kha Mineable Reserves lo ni ve chuahvin Economical Reserves a lo nih chhoh zel hnuah chauh laihchhuah kan tum ang. Tuna laihchhuah nge hlawk ang laihchhuah hrih loh tih te pawh a pawimawh hle ang. Mining industry hi chu agriculture, horticulture leh cottage industries te anga kum 4/5 vela han puitlin zung zung theih a nih thin loh avangin keini Mizo hisap-ah phei chuan a dam rei nghah thil thin. Chuvang chuan kan Mizoram hruaitute pawhin an la tuipui pha lo/duh lo te pawh a la ni mahna. Mahse khawvel hmasawnna bulpui, a tel lova ram hmasawnna (progress of civilization ) che thei hauh lo chu MINING Industry hi a ni tlat si.

Mizoram hmasawnna tilangsartu ber pakhat kan RCC building-a ( Aizawl khawpui phei chu rem leh rem lova din, Concrete Jungle a ni tawp) kan hman Cement kg 1 siam nan Chinai lung (Limestone) kg 1 leh a chanve tal a ngai tih kan hre phawt ang. Iron rod leh steel chi hrang hrang hi Iron ore mines atanga laihchhuah hnua Pig/Sponge iron anga an siam hnu atanga modified chhoh zel a ni. Han hawi vel mah teh, lei atanga laihchhuah, minerals base atanga siam chhuah ni lo, lei rim kai lo tawp, tunlai hmasawna thil, khawl leh gadgets hrang hrangah i hmu tlem ngawt ang. Tih tak emah chuan Siamtu Pathian pawhin mihring hmasa ber Adam-a kha lei atanga vaivut la ngatin asin a siam. Chuvangin keini MIHRING pawh hi ‘Walking Mineral’ tia sawi theih hial kan ni.

Mizoram-ah hian kum 30 chuang chu Geology & Mining Wing kan nei tawh a, mahse an hmalakna avanga leilung hausakna (mineral resources) awmze nei tham erawh kan la zawngchhuak hrih lo chu a nih hmel, an lak atangin kan la beisei sang vak lo pawh niin a lang. Sawi leh sawi hnu, kan Geology & Mining Wing hi hun rei tak chu Exploratory Geologist (PWD EE rank) hovin an khawsa phawt a. Chutah kum 5 zet zawt chu Superintending Geologist (PWD SE rank) hovin an han khawsa leh naw naw a. Chu post hming pawh chu nakin deuhvah chuan Joint Director tiin an rawn siam mam mai a. Kei chuan SG kha mawi ka ti hle a, state dangah pawh an tih dan a nia, Joint Director chu a common deuh a, tu pawhin a nih theih a, SG erawh chu MSc (Geology) tal lo tan chuan a nih theih si loh, a 'sipisial' ka lo tih ve nen...

Helaia ka rawn sawi duh tak erawh chu kan Geology & Mining Wing hi kan state sorkar hian priority department-ah a la dah chin ngai lo reng reng a. Tunah, the Mizoram Minor Minerals Concession Rules, 2000 hmanga Quarry lung leh balu chhiah (royalty) an han khawn ve (chhiah khawn ni ngawt lova scientific management of quarry lam buaipui tel ni phei se chuan…) hnua sorkar-ah chhiah tih tham deuh an han chhun hnu leh Directorate General of Hydrocarbon, New Delhi, Ministry of Petroleum hnuaia office pakhat hmalakna avanga oil company lar tak takte’n Mizoram chu beiseiawm taka an hmuh avanga an rawn buaipui (oil/gas zawn phalna- Prospecting/ Exploration Licence an rawn dil/neih tak) tak hnu hian kan sorkar pawhin tlem chuan a ngaihven lo thei ta lo. Tunah pawh hei state danga hming an puttir thin bak deuh kakin Directorate of Geology and Mineral Resources an tih tak kuau mai hi (hming phuah over pawh hi a awm ve thei hmel khawp mai, Felfamkimi te rui tawka an han fawr zuai zuai ang deuh te pawh kan ang ang tih ka hlau deuh)! A hming chu eng pawh lo ni se, a kalphung dik leh dik loh lam ngaihtuah ta zawk ila.

Kan hriat tur pawimawh em em mai chu eng ang leilung hausakna pawh hi India danpui hnuaiah chuan Major leh Minor Minerals tiin an han then kawk phawt a. Minor Minerals an tih heng quarry lung, balu, chinai lung tha lo chi (cement grade kai pha lo), marble, granite an tih ang, state tinte pawhin mahni intodelh khawpa nei tura ngaih ang chi enkawl leh tihhmasawn (regulation and development) danah phei chuan state sorkar hi thuneihna pumhlumin pek a ni. Mizoram chhunga Minor Minerals ve ang chu tunah ‘the Mizoram Minor Minerals Concession Rules 2000’ hmangin kan enkawl mek a (enkawl tih lemah chhiah khawnna hmanrua deuh ngawt hrih, chu pawh dan bu-in royalty rate a siam ang ni leh chuang si lovin). Tin, a bak zawng India ram pum huap anga kan inpeizawn tul tur ang chi leilung hausakna hrang hrang Coal, Petroleum, Iron ore, Gold, Gas, Copper an tih ang chi, puitham deuh ti mai ang, erawh chu kan ram inrelbawl dan a fel zawk nan te mai chauh tak meuhvin, chung ang laihchhuah leh enkawl (regulation of exploitation and development ) chu central sorkar kutah dah a ni ve chauh. Kan chian em em tur zawk erawh chu eng leilung hausakna pawh hi a neitu dik tak chu state sorkar a ni, kan huan- lo ramah lo awm pawh ni se, surface right (a lei chung pawn lam thuneihna) chu eng dan hmang pawhin lo nei mah ila, a laihchhuah theihna (Mining right) erawh chu Mineral Concession Rules fel tak hnuaiah Mining/Quarrying Permit (tum hnih khat lek atan a mamawh tan) leh eizawnna tak taka hmang tur tan Mining Lease neih kher a ngai tho tho. Mimalin mahni ta angin, duh dan dan-in a laihchhuah theih ngawt loh reng reng. Quarry lung a ni emaw Uranium a ni emaw state sorkar ta a ni hrim hrim. Chuvangin tu pawhin, mimal, company, state emaw central sorkar company emaw multi-national company pawh ni sek sek se, an laihchhuah zat atang khan chhiah (royalty) chu state sorkarah an chhung ngei tur a ni. Hei tak hian state sorkar chu leilung hausakna neitu dik tak a nihzia a tichiang. A neitu dik tak lo hnenah hman man emaw laihchhuah man chhiah emaw pek a tul lo. Mizoram-a quarry neitute’n lung/balu chhiah in pek khan 'a neitu dik tak kan ni lo a, a neitu dik tak hnenah hman man emaw laihchhuah/ phurh chhuah man … hei le…' in tihna a ni. Kan lo tih dan thin a nia tih ngawt hi thiam channa a ni lo, thil tisual kum khua i lo ni lek zawk mai thei asin!!!

Kan han sawi lan zawk tawh ang khan Mining Industry-a hautak lai ber pakhat chu a zawn (exploration) hi a ni. A bikin heng Oil, Gas, Copper etc lei hnuai thuk taka awm, Opencast mining method-a (quarry style) laihchuah theih mai loh, Under Ground mining method emaw deep drilling ngai zawnchhuah phei chu a hautak hle. Oil zawnna (tunlaia Mizoram chhunga OIL emaw ONGC emawin an verh tum ang hi Exploratory drilling an la ti leu leu chauh, chu chu Oil emaw Gas emaw verhchhuah tumna an la ni lo, leichhung awmze kimchang an zir tumna chauh a la ni. Chung exploratory drilling atanga result awm dan a zirin production well, fawhchhuahna tur tak tak chu an la hisap chauh ang) khur 5 verh chin atanga khur khatah an zawn hmuh pawhin tifuh (success ratio) sang an ti asin. A verh chhinna hmun an thlan hma reng pawhin uluk takin Local Geology chu Satellite Imagery (van sang thla lakna) nen tangkawpin an zir hrep phawt hnuah, bomb hmangin Seismic Survey an ti leh phawt a. Chutah chuan thuk lo te teah (50-70 feet a thuk) an han verh chhin a, bomb/explosive an zu phum a, an han hal dar dar khan chung laia lei nghawr (frequency, intensity, speed etc of vibration) lo mantu tur geo-phones an tih, saidawium chhin ang tiat lek lek kawng sira an zawm khawm ferho khan a lo man (record) hnu-ah chung data te chu computer soft-ware bik hmangin 2D emaw 3D zawngin an han siamchhuak a. Chutah meuh chuan leichhung awm dan a chiang thawkhat maw tih hnu-ah an verh chhin duhna lai ( exploratory drill site) an han thlang leh te te a.

Mizoram bik-ah chuan Oil emaw Gas emaw awm ngei dawna an hriatna hmun, an verh chak zek zekna lai kha verh rem lohna lai tak pawh a lo la ni ve cheu thei tho mai. An verhna tur hmun mahni mimal tana compensation hmuh theihna a nih dawn avanga lo sawntir tum talh, vairam lama Hindu-ho pawhin an tih duh loh, chutiang lam zawnga an han hisap chhin ringawt pawha an hmul thi din suau suauna tur ang chi hi keini Mizo, Pathian nung ringtu, Kohhran-a a kul-a-tai-a inhmang thinte hian kan tih chak leh intihtheihna lam tak te a lo la ni thei tho ang em tih hi ka lo ngaihtuah ve mai mai thin. 'Kei hlawk ila, ka ram leh hnam hlawk ve dawn si lo sela, chhiat phah ta hlauh zawk dawn se, ka mut a tuiin ka chaw ei a tui thei tho ang em? Helaiah tak hian kan state sorkar, a bikin PWD, P&E leh RD hote pawhin kan Oil Company lo lut neih ve chhunte lo puih ve theih dan a awm. Kan Oil, kan Gas, kan leilung hausakna hi kan state sorkar chakna leh theihna mai chuan kan laichhuah dawn hmel hrih si lo a, chuvangin kan sawi tawh ang khan a neitu dik tak rilru puin, a changkang leh tangkai thei ang bera laihchuah dan lo buaipui hi kan tih tur makmawh a ni. Central lam ta a ni lo, kan ta a ni, amaerawhchu, kan lo inrawlh ve thiam loh chuan a chhiah (royalty/ rent) hmuh mai bak chu a thlirtu kan ni satliah ang tih a hlauhawm hle reng a ni. Kan thalaite pawh a hnathawka kan inthun ve zung zung theih nan helama thiamna, experience leh tuihalna kan lo neih ve a pawimawh hle. A pawimawh ber erawh chu kan state sorkar hruaitute ngaihtuahna fair leh fair lohah a innghat tho tho.

Tunah chuan kan Mizoram state chhunga heng leilung hausakna thil reng reng, kan ram leh hnam tana tha ber leh tangkai ber tura ngaihtuahna lo hmang tur department puitling kan han nei ve ta rup mai hi a lawmawm hle nachungin zir tur leh inbihchianna tur kan la ngah tlang hlawm hlein a rinawm. Kan chheh vel North East India state hovin engtin nge Geology and Mining department an lo kalpui han thlir zau lawk ila. Assam-ah hian Directorate of Geology and Mining (DGM) hming pu-a an dinna ringawt pawh hi kum 50 chuang zet zawt a ni tawh. A awm viau tho e, anni chuan Limestone, Coal, Glass sands, Sillimanite, Granite ang te phei chu mumal takin an lo zawng hmu thlip thlep tawh a, an laichhuakin an hmang tangkai mek bawk. Oil leh Gas ngat phei chu 1869 khan Digboi-ah an lo laichhuak ving tawh. An director erawh chu an department mi leh sa niin geologist leh mining engineer te’n an senior dan indawtin an nih chhawk a ni ber. The Assam Minor Minerals Concession Rules 1994 an nei tawh. Chu dan chu uluk takin tun hnai mai chauh khan an hmang ve tawk. An dan hian duhthu sam lohna tam tak nei mah se kan Mizoram Minor Minerals Concesion Rules, 2000 kan lakna ber erawh a ni. State sorkar-in Assam Mineral Development Corporation hran a nei ve a, Corporation chu mahni intodelh a ni chuang lo a, amaherawhchu tunhnai khan Umrangshu, NC Hills hmuna Limestone mine 200 hactares zet chu khawvel pum pawha cement company lar Jay Pee Group of Companies hovin an laksak dawn a, an phur tlang hle.

Meghalaya State ve thung, anni leilung hausakna ngah bon top hian Directorate of Mineral Resources tiin an ko a, Geology lai an telh lo. Minor Mineral Concession Rules an la nei thei chiah lo, Major minerals an ngah em avangin an mangnghilh deuh a ni mahna. Meghalaya Mineral Development Corporation an nei a, Coal Mines tlem azawng an inpe (leased out) ve tih mai loh chu Corporation thi a ni ber. Director hi an department mi leh sa senior dan indawtin an nihtir mai. Department an buai deuh chang chuan an MCS senior deuh te’n Director hna chu an kawp hlauh zel. District Mining Offices an nei nual bawk. State-in Minor Mineral Concession Rules an la neih miau loh avangin Forest department lamin quarry lung/balu tih ang vel chu mahaal system-in an duh danin an la 'chalai' ve mai mai hrih. Chuvangin an Quarry zawng zawng, Limestone mines tam tawk, Sillimanite mines tam tawk, Coal mines tam bon top kan han hmuh sak mai theih hlawm hi Un-registered mines without proper Mining Lease an nih vek avangin Illegal Mining activities vek an ni. Illegal mining e ti lo chuan state sorkarin chhiah ( rent/ royalty/ cess) a la lawi si a, chuvangin keini IBM lam mit atang chuan state sorkar hi illegal mine owner ho abettor/ sponsor-tu kan ti hmiah. Illegal mining-ho chungah hian state sorkar-in thu leh hla khauh tak a neih loh chuan central sorkar agencies IBM, DGMS ( Mines Safety) etc kan inrawlh ve ngai lo. Ram hruaitute leh concerned department hote’n tuna an awm dan hi nuam an la tih rih avangin ram huasa takah mipui an la rethei hle zel hrih niin a lang mawl tawp a ni ber. Nagaland hian Indian Constitution Article 371A hnuaiah special provision an inti nei hle. Chuvangin heng Central Mines Act, Mines & Minerals Regulation & Development Act, Coal Mines Regulations ang chi hi hman ngawt theih a nih loh avangin an ram leilung hausakna enkawl dan a chiri hle. Article 371A hmang tangkai tur hian an state a chakin, a hausa bik si lo a, an thatpui nge chhiatpui zawk tih hi intellectual circles-ah chuan an sawi ve map map thin a ni awm e. Tun hnai khan Nagaland State Mining Policy an siam thar ve a, kum 50 hnu zetah pawh an la chiang lo phian. An Directorate of Gelogy & Mining chu Nagaland-a office lian ber deuh thaw a ni a, Dimapur-ah a awm daih thung. Minor Mineral Concession Rules pawh hman theih mai turin an siam ve tawh. Nagaland chuan Nagaland State Mineral Development Corporation an nei ve a, Wazeho Cement Plant ( 50 ton/per day capacity ) leh Granite cutting and polishing plant an neih ve an enkawltir a, an la che hlawk vak thei bik lo a nih hmel. Oil leh Gas pawh an laichhuak (produced) tawh a, mahse ONGC nen an inrem that theih loh avangin a la mumal vak thei rih lo.

Arunachal Pradesh-in Directorate of Geology and Mining puitling an nei. Coal leh Oil/Gas laihchhuak mek a ni a, Dolomite leh Limestone tam tawk an nei bawk. An DGM officer tam zawk leh senior-te pawnlam mi an nih avangin political pressure avangin industries department-a senior officer pakhat chu Director of DGM a ni hlauh thung. Manipur leh Tripura-in DGM puitling an la nei lo a, Directoate of Trade and Commerce hnuaiah Wing khat angin an la bet ve rih. Manipur ah erawh chuan Directorate of Commerce and Industries kha service rules pakhat hmang an nih avangin tun hnai deuh phei kha chuan an senior Geologist khan directorate pumpui incharge-ah a awm hlauh thung. Minor Mineral Concession Rules mumal an la nei lo a, Chromite leh cement grade limestone an nghah hle a, base metals pawh nei turah an inngai.

Tripura ve thung chu ONGC-in duh zat zat Gas laihchhuah theih an hmuhchhuahsak tawh a, domestic gas pawh PHED tui pipe line angin an thlung kual tawh. Power generation leh cottage industries hrang hrang atan an hmang tangkai tan hle. Chhiah khawn bak an state sorkar-in a buaipui bik loh avangin an Geology & Mining Wing pawh MSc ( Food Technology)-in a ho ngat mawle. An lawmawm khawp mai.

Mizoram hi North East Region of India bik ngaihtuah pawhin leilung hausakna lama dinhmun la chiang lo ber state kan ni awm e. Kan state thenawm te’n an leilung hausakna an lo zawnchhuah/laihchhuah pawh hi an state sorkar tih ni lovin central sorkar agency hrang hrangin an lo hmalakna avang mai chauh a ni ve tho. Keini pawhin central fund kan chawkluh thiam a ngai. RD emaw Agriculture department lamah ngawt hian Central hi a in hawng chuang lo a, project/proposal kan siam thiam phawt chuan central sorkar NE Special Assistance Scheme hnuaiah department tin deuh thaw hian an 10% of their Plan budget chu NE Region tan an hmang ngei tur tih a ni tlat. Hman theih loh chhan insawifiah hrep ai chuan a theih ang anga hman zawh hram hram an tum vek. Hei hi Central Govt. hnuaia Non-Lapseable Pool an tiha fund ( pawisa) a tlem chhan pakhat pawh a ni. Mizoram hmasawnna hi keini Mizorama Mizoho ai mahin entral sawrkar lama vai ho khuan min phur pui zawk niin a lang, min hmangaih em em vang erawh a ni kher lo mai thei.

Kan Mizoram DGMR thar chungchangah kan lut leh ang. Tuna kan officer leh staff thawk mek te, ka lo thawhpui ve nual tawh ( 1989-92) te hi anmahni-ah rau rau chuan university gold medalist te leh first class walas deuh vek an ni. Ka chhuang hlawm khawp mai. Mahse, phur taka an hna an han zawm hnu kum 20 chuang zet zawtah pawh promotion vawi khat pawh hmu lova pisa an han kai tlat tlat chuan an rilru a lo zawiin, an tha pawh a lo chau ve hlawm ta a ni ang. Chuvangin kei pawhin ral khat atanga lo khawngaih mai loh chu tih theih ka neih si loh avangin he 'artikul' hmang hian ka rawn cho phur dawn a ni. 2065, ka kum 100 tlinna turah hian ka khawvel a lo tawp tawh a nih pawhin Mizoram khawvel chu vul chho zel turah ngai phawt ila. Khawnge kan Mizoram-in Directorate of Geology and Mineral Resources puitling kan lo nei ve ta bawk a, puan ven i han sawi chhing teh poh ang. Tih tak emah chuan beidawng tur khawp khawp pawhin kan la beih tak tak ngai loh kha maw!!!

Kan hmanraw neih that, the Mizoram Minor Minerals Concession Rules, 2000 hi han bih hmasa teh ang. Khawvel khawi hmunah pawh Quarry lung leh balu hi mi chi hnihin kan mamawh reng dawn. A pakhat zawk, mahni hmanral nghal tura mamawh kha chuan Quarry/Mining permit hmangin han la ve zuai pawh ni se a pawi lem lo turah ngai ila. Permit system hi chuan a laihchhuah/phurhchhuah tur zat leh khawi hmun atanga phurhchhuah/laihchhuah tur nge tih leh khawi hmuna hman/phurh tur nge tih kha a mamawh zat tonne emaw cubic metre zawngin a rawn dil mai dawn. Hemi hi chuan a laihchhuah dan tur felfai taka Mining Plan a neih loh avangin a hnathawhin a tihchhiat tur pawh a ngaihtuah peih vak dawn lo. Chuvangin tul te lovah chuan hetiang permit system hi kawhhmuh reng reng loh tur. Vawi hnih khat bak phei chu phalsak duh hauh loh tur. A chhiah pek/lo lak ringawt a ni lo, DGMR chuan Scientific mining for conservation of mineral and protection of mining environment a thupui ber zawk tur a ni. Lung/balu chhiah lo khawn nan ringawt chuan MSc (Geology) leh B Tech (Mining Engg.) tih vel degree hi chu a uihawm lua a ni lo'm ni? Lung cubic metre khatah chhiah Rs 25 ni se, cubic metre 4 atan chuan Rs 100 tih vel ngawt hisapa lo khawn tur chuan Lower passed pawh a sang mah mah tawh zawk. Heng permit system-a rawn lak zawk zawk mamawh hian alawm the Indian Explosives Rules 1983 hnuaiah an mamawh tlemte 5 kg emaw lek Explosives/ bomb lei phalna (licence for own use) chu DC ( District Magistrate an nihna angin) hnen atanga diltu tur a nih chauh reng. Kan DC lam thuneitute pawhin zirchiang ila. Heta 5 kg lek bomb lei theihna permit lo pek hi quarry lung halna tur ani lo hrim hrim a, a hmanna tur tak zawk pawh (non mining purpose) miin a hnathawhna kawngah, kalkawng dal emaw hnathawh zelna dalin lung emaw thing emaw lo awm/tla palh se, chumi han hal darh lawkna mai tur atana explosive licence mai zawk a ni. Hemi thu tifiahtu atan 5 Kg explosive pek ruala detonating fuse pek thui nasat a ngaihzia kha. Mi pakhat/party pakhat hnena pek nawn tlat tlat phei chu a tiha tih chi lo tawp a ni. Tin, explosive mahni hman tur liau liauva lei theihna ( licence/ permit for own use) hian mahni thu leh duh ang ngawta hal phalna a pe nghal lo bawka. Bomb/ explosive hal thei tur chuan Blaster emaw Shot Firer Licence chu Controller of Explosives hnen atang neih leh zel zel a ngai bawk.

Chuti chuan vawiin-a quarry lama eizawng ho phei chuan kan Mizoram Minor Mineral Concession Rules 2000 pawhin a phal/phut ang ngeiin Mining Lease kan nei ngei tur a ni. Mining Lease area pawnah emaw ML nei lova mining activity ang chi reng reng chu dan lo, illegal mining activity ani vek tawh tihna a ni. Tunah i huan ram/in hmun (LSC for garden/house pass etc) atangin lung/balu (Minor Minerals) i lo laichhuakin i lo hralh ve ngawt a nih phei chuan thil dik lo titu, hrem theih i lo ni reng. A hmingin royalty/rent lo pe ve sateh mah la, eng dan hmang pawhin surface right ( for cultivation/ building of house etc) kha lo nei fel thlip thlep mah la, Mining Lease hmanga mining right i neih hma chu kut i lo thlak ve ngawt thei lo tihna a ni. ML chu i nei thei reng a, i nei ngei tur pawh a ni. I phalna tel lovin I LSC/ house pass huam chhungah tumahin ML an rawn nei thei ngawt lo bawk tih i hriat a ngai. Mahse LSC/ House Pass ngawt chuan mining right a pe thei bawk si lo che tih erawh i hriat a ngai tho. Chuvangin quarry emaw khalam zawnga eizawng emaw hmalam huna ei zawn tum i nih ngai chuan ML neih ngei tur a ni. ML i lo neih chuan khami hmang khan Controller of Explosives-ah Explosive Licence for own use i dil ang a, anni pawhin pek che chu a bat-a an bat a ni. Chu mai a ni lo, i ML hmang khan Bank/Financial Institutions hrang hrangah Loan leh Assistance chi hrang hrang i dil thei tawh ang a, chumi sum leh pai atang chuan i quarry-a hna i thawh dan i tichangkang (mechanized ) ang. I senso a lo tlemin, i lung leh balu man hralhna a lo tlem phah ang. Chu vang chuan mipui tan pawh lung tha zawk chu tlawm zawka lei tur a lo awm phah dawn a ni. He lai biahthu tak mai, Public Interest (in the interest of the public) ber hi alawm ram hruaitu leh sorkar hnathawkte kaihruai tlattu chu.

Khatia ML i neih hnua ‘Explosive Licence for own use’ i han neih hnu phei kha chuan Explosive company atangin emaw explosive registered seller (licence for sale holder) atang khan company rate dik takin explosive tha ber ber kha i lei zeih zeih tawh mai dawn a ni. Explosive black market a lo reh duak ang a, thingkung atanga tla nawn tla nawn ang chi theory kha an bang tawh ang. Chuvangin heng zawng zawngte avang hian kan DGMR thar hotute pawhin quarry owner te’n ML an dil ngawih ngawih laia 'Mining Permit dil zawk la rawh u' lo tih tlat ang chi kha a reh ngei bawk tur a ni. Keini official-te tan a awlsam zawk ang tih lam ni lovin mipui tan a tha zawk, kan ram leh hnam tan a tha zawk (public interest) tih lam hian min kai hruai ve tawh se. Awlsam zawng ringawt kan zawnna lamah kan che hnawk tulh tulh thin reng chu a nih hi. Mining lam ngat phei chu vawi khat tih sual chuan sual hlen vang vang (minerals are un-replenishable resources, siam that leh thei tawh loh) , 'nakkum lamah mual tha zawkah ka ching leh mai ang' tih theih chi a nih ve loh avang pawhin kan fimkhur leh zual tur a ni. HARH (eihchhi aa ar eihchhi) a hun ta tak tak e.

A tawp nan duhthu ka’n sam zawm leh lawk teh ang. Kan DGMR officer leh staff te an zirlaiin thiam thei tak tak ni mah se, Geology & Mining lam kher kher hi chu field lama dai chian chi a ni chiang lehzual em a, chuvangin department lam atangin work experience emaw exposure tha emaw neihna tur chance a tlem anih pawhin heng Geological Survey of India, IBM, ONGC, OIL, Mineral Exploration Corporation of India (MECL) leh Central govt. agencies dang dangte kan ramah an rawn lawr dek dek tawh phawt chuan an duh lo chung chung pawh an thiamna lo chhawr ve thei turin lo tawiawm vat vat a, lo thawh pui bawrh bawrh thiam a ngai ang. Kan state-in sum leh pai lam a nei lem lo a nih pawhin central govt hnuaia department tin te’n NE Region bika sum leh pai sen tur (10% of their Plan Budget) a awm tih kha hria ila, a dawhthleng tal chu lo tuk ve sauh sauh ila mawle. Kan ramah hian inhnemhnanna tur tham leilung hausakna awm leh awm loh tal hrechiang vat turin khaw nge hma i han la teh poh ang. Kan DGMR-ah chuan tu pawh rawn director se, public servant (sorkar hnathawk ve mai) kan ni tih hria ila, kan rilru na deuh mah se, na aih lo ang taka phur taka kal miah miah kan mamawh tho tho dawn. Raltiang ram chu kan kai em hrih lo a nih pawhin i han dak chhuak ve chin dawn teh reng ang u hmiang.